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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="author" content="Matt Makai">
<meta name="description" content="Testing code is a vital part of developing Python applications. Learn more about testing on Full Stack Python.">
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<title>Testing - Full Stack Python</title>
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<h1>Testing</h1>
<p>Testing determines whether software runs correctly based on specific inputs
and identifies defects that need to be fixed.</p>
<h2>Why is testing important?</h2>
<p>As software scales in codebase size, it's impossible for a person or even
a large team to keep up with all of the changes and
the interactions between the changes. Automated testing is the only proven
method for building reliable software once they grow past the point of a
simple prototype. Many major software program development failures can be
traced back to inadequate or a complete lack of testing.</p>
<p>It's impossible to know whether software works properly unless it is tested.
While testing can be done manually, by a user clicking buttons or typing in
input, it should be performed automatically by writing software programs that
test the application under test.</p>
<p>There are many forms of testing and they should all be used together. When
a single function of a program is isolated for testing, that is called
<a href="/unit-testing.html">unit testing</a>. Testing more than a single function
in an application at the same time is known as
<a href="/integration-testing.html">integration testing</a>.
<em>User interface testing</em> ensures the correctness of how a user would
interact with the software. There are even more forms of testing that large
programs need, such as <em>load testing</em>, <em>database testing</em>, and
<em>browser testing</em> (for web applications).</p>
<h2>Testing in Python</h2>
<p>Python software development culture is heavy on software testing. Because
Python is a dynamically-typed language as opposed to a statically-typed
language, testing takes on even greater importance for ensuring program
correctness.</p>
<h2>Testing resources</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://late.am/post/2015/04/20/good-test-bad-test.html">Good test, bad test</a>
explains the difference between a "good" test case and one that is not
as useful. Along the way the post breaks down some myths about common
testing subjects such as code coverage, assertions and mocking.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://pythontesting.net/">Python Testing</a> is a site devoted to testing
in - you guessed it - the Python programming language.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://michaeldehaan.net/post/120522567217/the-case-for-test-driven-development">The case for test-driven development</a>
by Michael DeHaan explains how automation is the only way to build software
at a large scale.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Google has a <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/">testing blog</a> where
they write about various aspects of testing software at scale.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Still confused about the difference between unit, functional and
integration tests? Check out this
<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4904096/whats-the-difference-between-unit-functional-acceptance-and-integration-test">top answer on Stack Overflow</a>
to that very question.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>What's next after testing your application?</h3>
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<p class="under-btn">Can I automate testing and deployments for my app?</p> </div>
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<h3 class="panel-head"><a href="/table-of-contents.html" style="color: #fff;">Table of Contents</a></h3>
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<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Introduction</a>
<a href="/learning-programming.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Learning Programming</a>
<a href="/why-use-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Why Use Python?</a>
<a href="/python-2-or-3.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Python 2 or 3?</a>
<a href="/enterprise-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Enterprise Python</a>
<a href="/best-python-resources.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Best Python Resources</a>
<a href="/best-python-videos.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Best Python Videos</a>
<a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Development Environments</a>
<a href="/vim.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Vim</a>
<a href="/emacs.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Emacs</a>
<a href="/generators.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Generators</a>
<a href="/comprehensions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Comprehensions</a>
<a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Web Frameworks</a>
<a href="/django.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Django</a>
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<a href="/bottle.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Bottle</a>
<a href="/pyramid.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Pyramid</a>
<a href="/morepath.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Morepath</a>
<a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Other Web Frameworks</a>
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<a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Web Application Security</a>
<a href="/static-site-generator.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Static Site Generator</a>
<a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Data</a>
<a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Databases</a>
<a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>NoSQL Data Stores</a>
<a href="/object-relational-mappers-orms.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Object-relational Mappers (ORMs)</a>
<a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Application Programming Interfaces</a>
<a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>API Integration</a>
<a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>API Creation</a>
<a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Deployment</a>
<a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Servers</a>
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<a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Web Servers</a>
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<a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Source Control</a>
<a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Application Dependencies</a>
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<a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Task Queues</a>
<a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Configuration Management</a>
<a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Continuous Integration</a>
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<a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Monitoring</a>
<a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Web Analytics</a>
<a href="/docker.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Docker</a>
<a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Caching</a>
<a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Testing</a>
<a href="/unit-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Unit Testing</a>
<a href="/integration-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Integration Testing</a>
<a href="/code-metrics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Code Metrics</a>
<a href="/debugging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Debugging</a>
<a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>What "Full Stack" Means</a>
<a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Change Log</a>
<a href="/future-directions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Future Directions</a>
<a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>About the Author</a>
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<a href="http://www.deploypython.com/"><img src="https://static.fullstackpython.com/fsp-deployment-guide.png" alt="The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments" width="100%"></a>
<p style="font-size: .8em; margin-top: 10px;">Searching for a complete, step-by-step deployment walkthrough? Learn more about <a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book</a>.
</p>
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<div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">Testing</h3></div>
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Major updates are tweeted via
<a href="https://twitter.com/fullstackpython">@fullstackpython</a>.
<hr/>
Need more detailed tutorials than you see here?
<a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">Learn more about The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book.</a>
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<a href="http://www.mattmakai.com/" class="underline">Matt Makai</a>
2015
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