diff --git a/app/services/tasks/dimensions_query_service.rb b/app/services/tasks/dimensions_query_service.rb
index 0610f7e0a..2af050982 100644
--- a/app/services/tasks/dimensions_query_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/tasks/dimensions_query_service.rb
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ def query_dimensions(with_doi: true, page_size: 100)
       token = retrieve_token
       doi_clause = with_doi ? 'where doi is not empty' : 'where doi is empty'
       cursor = 0
+      # Flag to track if retry has been attempted after token refresh
+      retry_attempted = false
 
       loop do
         begin
@@ -47,11 +49,14 @@ def query_dimensions(with_doi: true, page_size: 100)
             cursor += page_size
 
             break if cursor >= total_count
-          elsif response.code == 403
+          elsif response.code == 403 && !retry_attempted
             # If the token has expired, retrieve a new token and try the query again
             Rails.logger.warn('Received 403 Forbidden error. Retrying after token refresh.')
             token = retrieve_token
             redo
+          elsif response.code != 200 && retry_attempted
+            # If the token has expired and retry has already been attempted, raise a specific error
+            raise DimensionsPublicationQueryError, 'Retry attempted after token refresh failed with 403 Forbidden error'
           else
             raise DimensionsPublicationQueryError, "Failed to retrieve UNC affiliated articles from dimensions. Status code #{response.code}, response body: #{response.body}"
           end
diff --git a/spec/services/tasks/dimensions_query_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/tasks/dimensions_query_service_spec.rb
index fa926fecc..47e902161 100644
--- a/spec/services/tasks/dimensions_query_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/tasks/dimensions_query_service_spec.rb
@@ -72,6 +72,24 @@
       expect(Rails.logger).to have_received(:error).with("HTTParty error during Dimensions API query: Failed to retrieve UNC affiliated articles from dimensions. Status code #{response_status}, response body: #{response_body}")
     end
 
+    # Checks that the function only retries once to prevent infinite loops
+    it 'raises and logs an error if the query returns a non 200 status code after a token refresh' do
+      allow(Rails.logger).to receive(:error)
+      allow(Rails.logger).to receive(:warn)
+
+      unauthorized_status = 403
+      server_error_status = 500
+      stub_request(:post, 'https://app.dimensions.ai/api/dsl')
+        .to_return({status: unauthorized_status, body: 'Unauthorized'}, {status: server_error_status, body: 'Internal Server Error'})
+
+      expect { service.query_dimensions }.to raise_error(Tasks::DimensionsQueryService::DimensionsPublicationQueryError)
+      expect(WebMock).to have_requested(:post, 'https://app.dimensions.ai/api/auth').times(2)
+      expect(Rails.logger).to have_received(:warn).with('Received 403 Forbidden error. Retrying after token refresh.').once
+
+      # Check if the error message has been logged
+      expect(Rails.logger).to have_received(:error).with("HTTParty error during Dimensions API query: Failed to retrieve UNC affiliated articles from dimensions. Status code #{server_error_status}, response body: Internal Server Error")
+    end
+
     # Simulating token reretrieval and retry after expiration during query
     it 'refreshes the token and retries if query returns a 403' do
       allow(Rails.logger).to receive(:warn)