_02-06_executive_text.qmd

Testing of attentional and executive abilities showed a mix of strengths and weaknesses. His performance showed a speed-accuracy tradeoff favoring speed. He excelled at processing speed, ranking at the 99th percentile and significantly faster than peers. However, his accuracy declined, with a 3rd percentile error rate, indicating higher error frequency. This suggests that his approach prioritized rapid processing over sustained accuracy. Furthermore, there were significant difficulties with basic daily functions. He struggled considerably with awareness of time, place, and current circumstances (performing better than only 1% of peers). He also had marked difficulty holding information in mind while working with it (working memory), scoring in the bottom 3% of their age group. Additionally, he showed significant challenges with practical tasks such as maintaining attention while driving (bottom 1%) and expressing thoughts clearly in writing (bottom 2%). This unique pattern suggests that while Mr. Gonzalez can excel at complex thinking tasks when he is focused and structured, he has significant difficulty with basic attention, memory, and everyday tasks that require sustained concentration or written communication. 
Performance on a complex measure of divided attention (cancelling + counting), information processing speed, and inhibition fell within the Exceptionally High range and ranked at the 99.1th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 99.1% of same-age peers from the general population.
Focused attention and rapid visual scanning fell within the Exceptionally High range and ranked at the 99th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 99% of same-age peers from the general population.
Difference between selective attention and divided attention fell within the Above Average range and ranked at the 97th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 97% of same-age peers from the general population.
Focused attention and rapid visual scanning on a while performing a selective attention letter-cancellation task (motor) fell within the Above Average range and ranked at the 96th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 96% of same-age peers from the general population.
The organization of elements when copying a figure from a model fell within the High Average range and ranked at the 84th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 84% of same-age peers from the general population.
A cohensive theme and conveyance when writing fell within the High Average range and ranked at the 75th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 75% of same-age peers from the general population.
The planning involved in copying a figure from a model fell within the High Average range and ranked at the 75th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 75% of same-age peers from the general population.
The degree of fragmentation when recalling and drawing a figure immediately after seeing it fell within the High Average range and ranked at the 75th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 75% of same-age peers from the general population.
The organization of elements when recalling and drawing a figure immediately after seeing it fell within the High Average range and ranked at the 75th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 75% of same-age peers from the general population.
The planning involved in recalling and drawing a figure immediately after seeing it fell within the High Average range and ranked at the 75th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 75% of same-age peers from the general population.
Planning and foresight, inhibition, and psychomotor speed examined through a series of timed maze-tracing tasks of increasing difficulty fell within the Average range and ranked at the 58th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 58% of same-age peers from the general population.
Self-monitoring and perseverative tendencies fell within the Average range and ranked at the 50th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 50% of same-age peers from the general population.
Correct spelling during writing fell within the Average range and ranked at the 50th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 50% of same-age peers from the general population.
The degree of fragmentation when copying a figure from a model fell within the Average range and ranked at the 50th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 50% of same-age peers from the general population.
Performance on a delayed recognition visual span task, in which an array of dots was exposed for a brief period, followed by a blank page, and then a new array with one additional dot that the patient had to point out fell within the Average range and ranked at the 46th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 46% of same-age peers from the general population.
Auditory attentional capacity, or how much information can be processed at once fell within the Average range and ranked at the 42th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 42% of same-age peers from the general population.
Concept formation and abstract reasoning fell within the Average range and ranked at the 38th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 38% of same-age peers from the general population.
An overall measure of the examinee's attentional functioning fell within the Average range and ranked at the 30th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 30% of same-age peers from the general population.
Retrieval fluency, ideational fluency, and generativity fell within the Low Average range and ranked at the 24th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 24% of same-age peers from the general population.
Auditory attentional capacity fell within the Low Average range and ranked at the 18th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 18% of same-age peers from the general population.
A measure of both attentional capacity and working memory fell within the Low Average range and ranked at the 12th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 12% of same-age peers from the general population.
A speeded focused attention letter-counting task requiring the patient to count all of the target letters (X) in successive rows of random numbers and letters (psycho, count) fell within the Low Average range and ranked at the 12th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 12% of same-age peers from the general population.
Working memory for orally presented information fell within the Below Average range and ranked at the 3rd percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 3% of same-age peers from the general population.
A marker of reduced focus and distractibility fell within the Below Average range and ranked at the 3rd percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 3% of same-age peers from the general population.
A speeded serial addition task requiring the patient to add numbers in successive rows of random numbers and letters on a page (psycho, add) fell within the Below Average range and ranked at the 3rd percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 3% of same-age peers from the general population.
Appropriate use of syntax when writing fell within the Below Average range and ranked at the 2nd percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 2% of same-age peers from the general population.
Orientation to person, place, time, and situation fell within the Exceptionally Low range and ranked at the 0.9th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 0.9% of same-age peers from the general population.
Writing legibility fell within the Exceptionally Low range and ranked at the 0.5th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 0.5% of same-age peers from the general population.
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Performance on a complex measure of divided attention (cancelling + counting), information processing speed, and inhibition fell within the Exceptionally High range and ranked at the 99.1th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 99.1% of same-age peers from the general population.
Focused attention and rapid visual scanning fell within the Exceptionally High range and ranked at the 99th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 99% of same-age peers from the general population.
Difference between selective attention and divided attention fell within the Above Average range and ranked at the 97th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 97% of same-age peers from the general population.
Focused attention and rapid visual scanning on a while performing a selective attention letter-cancellation task (motor) fell within the Above Average range and ranked at the 96th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 96% of same-age peers from the general population.
The organization of elements when copying a figure from a model fell within the High Average range and ranked at the 84th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 84% of same-age peers from the general population.
A cohensive theme and conveyance when writing fell within the High Average range and ranked at the 75th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 75% of same-age peers from the general population.
The planning involved in copying a figure from a model fell within the High Average range and ranked at the 75th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 75% of same-age peers from the general population.
The degree of fragmentation when recalling and drawing a figure immediately after seeing it fell within the High Average range and ranked at the 75th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 75% of same-age peers from the general population.
The organization of elements when recalling and drawing a figure immediately after seeing it fell within the High Average range and ranked at the 75th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 75% of same-age peers from the general population.
The planning involved in recalling and drawing a figure immediately after seeing it fell within the High Average range and ranked at the 75th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 75% of same-age peers from the general population.
Planning and foresight, inhibition, and psychomotor speed examined through a series of timed maze-tracing tasks of increasing difficulty fell within the Average range and ranked at the 58th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 58% of same-age peers from the general population.
Self-monitoring and perseverative tendencies fell within the Average range and ranked at the 50th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 50% of same-age peers from the general population.
Correct spelling during writing fell within the Average range and ranked at the 50th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 50% of same-age peers from the general population.
The degree of fragmentation when copying a figure from a model fell within the Average range and ranked at the 50th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 50% of same-age peers from the general population.
Performance on a delayed recognition visual span task, in which an array of dots was exposed for a brief period, followed by a blank page, and then a new array with one additional dot that the patient had to point out fell within the Average range and ranked at the 46th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 46% of same-age peers from the general population.
A composite measure of executive skills involving planning, inhibition, speed/fluency, and generativity fell within the Average range and ranked at the 42th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 42% of same-age peers from the general population.
Auditory attentional capacity, or how much information can be processed at once fell within the Average range and ranked at the 42th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 42% of same-age peers from the general population.
Concept formation and abstract reasoning fell within the Average range and ranked at the 38th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 38% of same-age peers from the general population.
An overall measure of the examinee's attentional functioning fell within the Average range and ranked at the 30th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 30% of same-age peers from the general population.
Retrieval fluency, ideational fluency, and generativity fell within the Low Average range and ranked at the 24th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 24% of same-age peers from the general population.
Auditory attentional capacity fell within the Low Average range and ranked at the 18th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 18% of same-age peers from the general population.
A measure of both attentional capacity and working memory fell within the Low Average range and ranked at the 12th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 12% of same-age peers from the general population.
A speeded focused attention letter-counting task requiring the patient to count all of the target letters (X) in successive rows of random numbers and letters (psycho, count) fell within the Low Average range and ranked at the 12th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 12% of same-age peers from the general population.
Working memory for orally presented information fell within the Below Average range and ranked at the 3rd percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 3% of same-age peers from the general population.
A marker of reduced focus and distractibility fell within the Below Average range and ranked at the 3rd percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 3% of same-age peers from the general population.
A speeded serial addition task requiring the patient to add numbers in successive rows of random numbers and letters on a page (psycho, add) fell within the Below Average range and ranked at the 3rd percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 3% of same-age peers from the general population.
Appropriate use of syntax when writing fell within the Below Average range and ranked at the 2nd percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 2% of same-age peers from the general population.
Orientation to person, place, time, and situation fell within the Exceptionally Low range and ranked at the 0.9th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 0.9% of same-age peers from the general population.
Writing legibility fell within the Exceptionally Low range and ranked at the 0.5th percentile, indicating performance as good as or better than 0.5% of same-age peers from the general population.
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