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UNIX & Linux Command, ShellScript Reference

LinuxCommand.org

Learn linux command

explain shell

Write down a command-line to see the help text that matches each argument

Brace Expansion

% echo foo.{rb,go}
foo.rb foo.go

# Useful for changing file extention as the same name.
% cp foo.{rb,go}
foo.rb -> foo.go

kill-ring

Ctrl+u: Cut all before the cusor and insert it in the kill ring.
Ctrl+k: Cut all after the cusor and insert it in the kill ring.
Ctrl+w: Cut a word before the cusor and insert it in the kill ring.
Ctrl+y: Reinserts the text of the most recent kill.

# Ctrl+u
% ls /usr/local/etc(here is cusor)
% 

# Ctrl+k
% ls (here is cusor) /usr/local/etc
% ls

# Ctrl+w
% ls /usr/local/etc
% ls /usr/local/

# Ctrl+y: 'ls /usr/local/' is in kill ring.
%
% ls /usr/local

du -- Display disk usage statistics

  • Display an entry for each specified file
% du -sh ${fileName}
10M ${filename}

df -- display free disk space

% df                                                                                                                         (mitsu/feature/fastSelling/ASA-207|✔)
Filesystem    512-blocks      Used Available Capacity  iused   ifree %iused  Mounted on
/dev/disk1     xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx   xxxxxxx    85%     xxxx      xx   85%   /
devfs                366       366         0   100%      634       0  100%   /dev
map -hosts             0         0         0   100%        0       0  100%   /net
map auto_home          0         0         0   100%        0       0  100%   /home
map -fstab             0         0         0   100%        0       0  100%   /Network/Servers

diff

# Bash string difference
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/454427/bash-string-difference
% diff <(echo $string1) <(echo $string2)

for

[http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/bash-for-loop/]

% ls file*
file1 file2 file3

for i in file{1,2,3}
do
  echo ${i}
done

# file1
# file2
# file3
for (( i=0; i<5; i++ ))
do
  echo 'muhaha'
done

if

-- Compare string with regular expressions

#!/bin/sh
if expr "xxx/yyy" : "xxx*" ; then
  echo "Match!"
fi

#!/usr/bin/zsh
if [[ "xxx/yyy" =~ "xxx*" ]]; then
  echo "Match!"
fi

ls

# Show only hidden files
% ls -ld .?*

# Show only symlinks
% ls -la | grep '\->'

awk

-- pattern-directed scanning and processing language

% sed -n '/startline/,/endline/p' xxx.log | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c
  • exp ~ /regexp/
% awk '$1 ~ /foo/' xxx.log
  • [ -F fs ] : separator
% awk -F':' '{print $1}' xxx.log

sed

  • Extract specific string
sed -e 's/patternA\(target\)patternB/\1/'
  • bulk wording replace
# Use gsed for mac
% find . -name '*.yml' | xargs sed -i "s/xxx/yyy/g"

gzcat

-- compression/decompression tool using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)

% gzcat ${file}

tar

-- manipulate tape archives

# Extract to disk from the archive. e.g. xxx.tar
% tar zcvf $file.tar.gz $file

# Compress the resulting archive with gzip(1).
% tar zxvf $file

xargs

-- Trim white space

% echo "   muhaha  " | xargs
muhaha

zless

-- file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text

% zless xxx.gz

See all bindkeys

% bindkey -L

Stop using the arrow keys and navigate the command line more quickly with

  • ctrl + A: moves to the start of the line

  • ctrl + E: moves to the end of the line

  • ctrl + B: move back one character

  • ctrl + F: move forward one character

  • esc + B: move back one word

  • esc + F: move forward one word

Note that Esc, b and Esc, f (back/forward one word) are bound to Opt-b/f (when you set the terminal to recognize Opt as Meta)

ssh manual, manual JP

tutorial

sample

  • Keep Alive
% cat .ssh/config

ServerAliveInterval 30
  • With PORT, other user
% ssh -p1234 -i ~/.ssh/tomato_id_rsa [email protected]

Host sample
    HostName 0.0.0.0
    User tomato
    Port 1234
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/tomato_id_rsa
  • proxy command
Host sample
    HostName 0.0.0.0
    ProxyCommand ssh -W %h:%p 1.1.1.1

here document

% cat << EOF > .gitignore
node_modules
EOF

Confirmation of OS version

# ubuntu
% cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=16.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=xenial
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04 LTS"

# centos
% cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

# Architecture type
% arch
i386

Alternatives of depreciated command

nslookup

-> dig or host

chsh

-- Change login shell

% chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh