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IEEEtran.cls
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%%
%% IEEEtran.cls 2007/03/05 version V1.7a
%%
%%
%% This is the official IEEE LaTeX class for authors of the Institute of
%% Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Transactions journals and
%% conferences.
%%
%% Support sites:
%% http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/
%% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/IEEEtran/
%% and
%% http://www.ieee.org/
%%
%% Based on the original 1993 IEEEtran.cls, but with many bug fixes
%% and enhancements (from both JVH and MDS) over the 1996/7 version.
%%
%%
%% Contributors:
%% Gerry Murray (1993), Silvano Balemi (1993),
%% Jon Dixon (1996), Peter N"uchter (1996),
%% Juergen von Hagen (2000), and Michael Shell (2001-2007)
%%
%%
%% Copyright (c) 1993-2000 by Gerry Murray, Silvano Balemi,
%% Jon Dixon, Peter N"uchter,
%% Juergen von Hagen
%% and
%% Copyright (c) 2001-2007 by Michael Shell
%%
%% Current maintainer (V1.3 to V1.7): Michael Shell
%% See:
%% http://www.michaelshell.org/
%% for current contact information.
%%
%% Special thanks to Peter Wilson (CUA) and Donald Arseneau
%% for allowing the inclusion of the \@ifmtarg command
%% from their ifmtarg LaTeX package.
%%
%%*************************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either expressed or
%% implied; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
%% FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall IEEE or any contributor to this code be liable for
%% any damages or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental,
%% consequential, or any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse
%% of any information contained here.
%%
%% All comments are the opinions of their respective authors and are not
%% necessarily endorsed by the IEEE.
%%
%% This work is distributed under the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL)
%% ( http://www.latex-project.org/ ) version 1.3, and may be freely used,
%% distributed and modified. A copy of the LPPL, version 1.3, is included
%% in the base LaTeX documentation of all distributions of LaTeX released
%% 2003/12/01 or later.
%% Retain all contribution notices and credits.
%% ** Modified files should be clearly indicated as such, including **
%% ** renaming them and changing author support contact information. **
%%
%% File list of work: IEEEtran.cls, IEEEtran_HOWTO.pdf, bare_adv.tex,
%% bare_conf.tex, bare_jrnl.tex, bare_jrnl_compsoc.tex
%%
%% Major changes to the user interface should be indicated by an
%% increase in the version numbers. If a version is a beta, it will
%% be indicated with a BETA suffix, i.e., 1.4 BETA.
%% Small changes can be indicated by appending letters to the version
%% such as "IEEEtran_v14a.cls".
%% In all cases, \Providesclass, any \typeout messages to the user,
%% \IEEEtransversionmajor and \IEEEtransversionminor must reflect the
%% correct version information.
%% The changes should also be documented via source comments.
%%*************************************************************************
%%
%
% Available class options
% e.g., \documentclass[10pt,conference]{IEEEtran}
%
% *** choose only one from each category ***
%
% 9pt, 10pt, 11pt, 12pt
% Sets normal font size. The default is 10pt.
%
% conference, journal, technote, peerreview, peerreviewca
% determines format mode - conference papers, journal papers,
% correspondence papers (technotes), or peer review papers. The user
% should also select 9pt when using technote. peerreview is like
% journal mode, but provides for a single-column "cover" title page for
% anonymous peer review. The paper title (without the author names) is
% repeated at the top of the page after the cover page. For peer review
% papers, the \IEEEpeerreviewmaketitle command must be executed (will
% automatically be ignored for non-peerreview modes) at the place the
% cover page is to end, usually just after the abstract (keywords are
% not normally used with peer review papers). peerreviewca is like
% peerreview, but allows the author names to be entered and formatted
% as with conference mode so that author affiliation and contact
% information can be easily seen on the cover page.
% The default is journal.
%
% draft, draftcls, draftclsnofoot, final
% determines if paper is formatted as a widely spaced draft (for
% handwritten editor comments) or as a properly typeset final version.
% draftcls restricts draft mode to the class file while all other LaTeX
% packages (i.e., \usepackage{graphicx}) will behave as final - allows
% for a draft paper with visible figures, etc. draftclsnofoot is like
% draftcls, but does not display the date and the word "DRAFT" at the foot
% of the pages. If using one of the draft modes, the user will probably
% also want to select onecolumn.
% The default is final.
%
% letterpaper, a4paper
% determines paper size: 8.5in X 11in or 210mm X 297mm. CHANGING THE PAPER
% SIZE WILL NOT ALTER THE TYPESETTING OF THE DOCUMENT - ONLY THE MARGINS
% WILL BE AFFECTED. In particular, documents using the a4paper option will
% have reduced side margins (A4 is narrower than US letter) and a longer
% bottom margin (A4 is longer than US letter). For both cases, the top
% margins will be the same and the text will be horizontally centered.
% For final submission to IEEE, authors should use US letter (8.5 X 11in)
% paper. Note that authors should ensure that all post-processing
% (ps, pdf, etc.) uses the same paper specificiation as the .tex document.
% Problems here are by far the number one reason for incorrect margins.
% IEEEtran will automatically set the default paper size under pdflatex
% (without requiring a change to pdftex.cfg), so this issue is more
% important to dvips users. Fix config.ps, config.pdf, or ~/.dvipsrc for
% dvips, or use the dvips -t papersize option instead as needed. See the
% testflow documentation
% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/IEEEtran/testflow
% for more details on dvips paper size configuration.
% The default is letterpaper.
%
% oneside, twoside
% determines if layout follows single sided or two sided (duplex)
% printing. The only notable change is with the headings at the top of
% the pages.
% The default is oneside.
%
% onecolumn, twocolumn
% determines if text is organized into one or two columns per page. One
% column mode is usually used only with draft papers.
% The default is twocolumn.
%
% compsoc
% Use the format of the IEEE Computer Society.
%
% romanappendices
% Use the "Appendix I" convention when numbering appendices. IEEEtran.cls
% now defaults to Alpha "Appendix A" convention - the opposite of what
% v1.6b and earlier did.
%
% captionsoff
% disables the display of the figure/table captions. Some IEEE journals
% request that captions be removed and figures/tables be put on pages
% of their own at the end of an initial paper submission. The endfloat
% package can be used with this class option to achieve this format.
%
% nofonttune
% turns off tuning of the font interword spacing. Maybe useful to those
% not using the standard Times fonts or for those who have already "tuned"
% their fonts.
% The default is to enable IEEEtran to tune font parameters.
%
%
%----------
% Available CLASSINPUTs provided (all are macros unless otherwise noted):
% \CLASSINPUTbaselinestretch
% \CLASSINPUTinnersidemargin
% \CLASSINPUToutersidemargin
% \CLASSINPUTtoptextmargin
% \CLASSINPUTbottomtextmargin
%
% Available CLASSINFOs provided:
% \ifCLASSINFOpdf (TeX if conditional)
% \CLASSINFOpaperwidth (macro)
% \CLASSINFOpaperheight (macro)
% \CLASSINFOnormalsizebaselineskip (length)
% \CLASSINFOnormalsizeunitybaselineskip (length)
%
% Available CLASSOPTIONs provided:
% all class option flags (TeX if conditionals) unless otherwise noted,
% e.g., \ifCLASSOPTIONcaptionsoff
% point size options provided as a single macro:
% \CLASSOPTIONpt
% which will be defined as 9, 10, 11, or 12 depending on the document's
% normalsize point size.
% also, class option peerreviewca implies the use of class option peerreview
% and classoption draft implies the use of class option draftcls
\ProvidesClass{IEEEtran}[2007/03/05 V1.7a by Michael Shell]
\typeout{-- See the "IEEEtran_HOWTO" manual for usage information.}
\typeout{-- http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/}
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
% IEEEtran.cls version numbers, provided as of V1.3
% These values serve as a way a .tex file can
% determine if the new features are provided.
% The version number of this IEEEtrans.cls can be obtained from
% these values. i.e., V1.4
% KEEP THESE AS INTEGERS! i.e., NO {4a} or anything like that-
% (no need to enumerate "a" minor changes here)
\def\IEEEtransversionmajor{1}
\def\IEEEtransversionminor{7}
% These do nothing, but provide them like in article.cls
\newif\if@restonecol
\newif\if@titlepage
% class option conditionals
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONonecolumn \CLASSOPTIONonecolumnfalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONtwocolumn \CLASSOPTIONtwocolumntrue
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONoneside \CLASSOPTIONonesidetrue
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONtwoside \CLASSOPTIONtwosidefalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONfinal \CLASSOPTIONfinaltrue
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONdraft \CLASSOPTIONdraftfalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONdraftcls \CLASSOPTIONdraftclsfalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONdraftclsnofoot \CLASSOPTIONdraftclsnofootfalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONpeerreview \CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewfalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONpeerreviewca \CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewcafalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONjournal \CLASSOPTIONjournaltrue
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONconference \CLASSOPTIONconferencefalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONtechnote \CLASSOPTIONtechnotefalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONnofonttune \CLASSOPTIONnofonttunefalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONcaptionsoff \CLASSOPTIONcaptionsofffalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc \CLASSOPTIONcompsocfalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONromanappendices \CLASSOPTIONromanappendicesfalse
% class info conditionals
% indicates if pdf (via pdflatex) output
\newif\ifCLASSINFOpdf \CLASSINFOpdffalse
% V1.6b internal flag to show if using a4paper
\newif\if@IEEEusingAfourpaper \@IEEEusingAfourpaperfalse
% IEEEtran class scratch pad registers
% dimen
\newdimen\@IEEEtrantmpdimenA
\newdimen\@IEEEtrantmpdimenB
% count
\newcount\@IEEEtrantmpcountA
\newcount\@IEEEtrantmpcountB
% token list
\newtoks\@IEEEtrantmptoksA
% we use \CLASSOPTIONpt so that we can ID the point size (even for 9pt docs)
% as well as LaTeX's \@ptsize to retain some compatability with some
% external packages
\def\@ptsize{0}
% LaTeX does not support 9pt, so we set \@ptsize to 0 - same as that of 10pt
\DeclareOption{9pt}{\def\CLASSOPTIONpt{9}\def\@ptsize{0}}
\DeclareOption{10pt}{\def\CLASSOPTIONpt{10}\def\@ptsize{0}}
\DeclareOption{11pt}{\def\CLASSOPTIONpt{11}\def\@ptsize{1}}
\DeclareOption{12pt}{\def\CLASSOPTIONpt{12}\def\@ptsize{2}}
\DeclareOption{letterpaper}{\setlength{\paperheight}{11in}%
\setlength{\paperwidth}{8.5in}%
\@IEEEusingAfourpaperfalse
\def\CLASSOPTIONpaper{letter}%
\def\CLASSINFOpaperwidth{8.5in}%
\def\CLASSINFOpaperheight{11in}}
\DeclareOption{a4paper}{\setlength{\paperheight}{297mm}%
\setlength{\paperwidth}{210mm}%
\@IEEEusingAfourpapertrue
\def\CLASSOPTIONpaper{a4}%
\def\CLASSINFOpaperwidth{210mm}%
\def\CLASSINFOpaperheight{297mm}}
\DeclareOption{oneside}{\@twosidefalse\@mparswitchfalse
\CLASSOPTIONonesidetrue\CLASSOPTIONtwosidefalse}
\DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue\@mparswitchtrue
\CLASSOPTIONtwosidetrue\CLASSOPTIONonesidefalse}
\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\CLASSOPTIONonecolumntrue\CLASSOPTIONtwocolumnfalse}
\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\CLASSOPTIONtwocolumntrue\CLASSOPTIONonecolumnfalse}
% If the user selects draft, then this class AND any packages
% will go into draft mode.
\DeclareOption{draft}{\CLASSOPTIONdrafttrue\CLASSOPTIONdraftclstrue
\CLASSOPTIONdraftclsnofootfalse}
% draftcls is for a draft mode which will not affect any packages
% used by the document.
\DeclareOption{draftcls}{\CLASSOPTIONdraftfalse\CLASSOPTIONdraftclstrue
\CLASSOPTIONdraftclsnofootfalse}
% draftclsnofoot is like draftcls, but without the footer.
\DeclareOption{draftclsnofoot}{\CLASSOPTIONdraftfalse\CLASSOPTIONdraftclstrue
\CLASSOPTIONdraftclsnofoottrue}
\DeclareOption{final}{\CLASSOPTIONdraftfalse\CLASSOPTIONdraftclsfalse
\CLASSOPTIONdraftclsnofootfalse}
\DeclareOption{journal}{\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewfalse\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewcafalse
\CLASSOPTIONjournaltrue\CLASSOPTIONconferencefalse\CLASSOPTIONtechnotefalse}
\DeclareOption{conference}{\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewfalse\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewcafalse
\CLASSOPTIONjournalfalse\CLASSOPTIONconferencetrue\CLASSOPTIONtechnotefalse}
\DeclareOption{technote}{\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewfalse\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewcafalse
\CLASSOPTIONjournalfalse\CLASSOPTIONconferencefalse\CLASSOPTIONtechnotetrue}
\DeclareOption{peerreview}{\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewtrue\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewcafalse
\CLASSOPTIONjournalfalse\CLASSOPTIONconferencefalse\CLASSOPTIONtechnotefalse}
\DeclareOption{peerreviewca}{\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewtrue\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewcatrue
\CLASSOPTIONjournalfalse\CLASSOPTIONconferencefalse\CLASSOPTIONtechnotefalse}
\DeclareOption{nofonttune}{\CLASSOPTIONnofonttunetrue}
\DeclareOption{captionsoff}{\CLASSOPTIONcaptionsofftrue}
\DeclareOption{compsoc}{\CLASSOPTIONcompsoctrue}
\DeclareOption{romanappendices}{\CLASSOPTIONromanappendicestrue}
% default to US letter paper, 10pt, twocolumn, one sided, final, journal
\ExecuteOptions{letterpaper,10pt,twocolumn,oneside,final,journal}
% overrride these defaults per user requests
\ProcessOptions
% Computer Society conditional execution command
\long\def\@IEEEcompsoconly#1{\relax\ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc\relax#1\relax\fi\relax}
% inverse
\long\def\@IEEEnotcompsoconly#1{\relax\ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc\else\relax#1\relax\fi\relax}
% compsoc conference
\long\def\@IEEEcompsocconfonly#1{\relax\ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc\ifCLASSOPTIONconference\relax#1\relax\fi\fi\relax}
% compsoc not conference
\long\def\@IEEEcompsocnotconfonly#1{\relax\ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc\ifCLASSOPTIONconference\else\relax#1\relax\fi\fi\relax}
% IEEE uses Times Roman font, so we'll default to Times.
% These three commands make up the entire times.sty package.
\renewcommand{\sfdefault}{phv}
\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ptm}
\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{pcr}
\@IEEEcompsoconly{\typeout{-- Using IEEE Computer Society mode.}}
% V1.7 compsoc nonconference papers, use Palatino/Palladio as the main text font,
% not Times Roman.
\@IEEEcompsocnotconfonly{\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ppl}}
% enable Times/Palatino main text font
\normalfont\selectfont
% V1.7 conference notice message hook
\def\@IEEEconsolenoticeconference{\typeout{}%
\typeout{** Conference Paper **}%
\typeout{Before submitting the final camera ready copy, remember to:}%
\typeout{}%
\typeout{ 1. Manually equalize the lengths of two columns on the last page}%
\typeout{ of your paper;}%
\typeout{}%
\typeout{ 2. Ensure that any PostScript and/or PDF output post-processing}%
\typeout{ uses only Type 1 fonts and that every step in the generation}%
\typeout{ process uses the appropriate paper size.}%
\typeout{}}
% we can send console reminder messages to the user here
\AtEndDocument{\ifCLASSOPTIONconference\@IEEEconsolenoticeconference\fi}
% warn about the use of single column other than for draft mode
\ifCLASSOPTIONtwocolumn\else%
\ifCLASSOPTIONdraftcls\else%
\typeout{** ATTENTION: Single column mode is not typically used with IEEE publications.}%
\fi%
\fi
% V1.7 improved paper size setting code.
% Set pdfpage and dvips paper sizes. Conditional tests are similar to that
% of ifpdf.sty. Retain within {} to ensure tested macros are never altered,
% even if only effect is to set them to \relax.
% if \pdfoutput is undefined or equal to relax, output a dvips special
{\@ifundefined{pdfoutput}{\AtBeginDvi{\special{papersize=\CLASSINFOpaperwidth,\CLASSINFOpaperheight}}}{%
% pdfoutput is defined and not equal to \relax
% check for pdfpageheight existence just in case someone sets pdfoutput
% under non-pdflatex. If exists, set them regardless of value of \pdfoutput.
\@ifundefined{pdfpageheight}{\relax}{\global\pdfpagewidth\paperwidth
\global\pdfpageheight\paperheight}%
% if using \pdfoutput=0 under pdflatex, send dvips papersize special
\ifcase\pdfoutput
\AtBeginDvi{\special{papersize=\CLASSINFOpaperwidth,\CLASSINFOpaperheight}}%
\else
% we are using pdf output, set CLASSINFOpdf flag
\global\CLASSINFOpdftrue
\fi}}
% let the user know the selected papersize
\typeout{-- Using \CLASSINFOpaperwidth\space x \CLASSINFOpaperheight\space
(\CLASSOPTIONpaper)\space paper.}
\ifCLASSINFOpdf
\typeout{-- Using PDF output.}
\else
\typeout{-- Using DVI output.}
\fi
% The idea hinted here is for LaTeX to generate markleft{} and markright{}
% automatically for you after you enter \author{}, \journal{},
% \journaldate{}, journalvol{}, \journalnum{}, etc.
% However, there may be some backward compatibility issues here as
% well as some special applications for IEEEtran.cls and special issues
% that may require the flexible \markleft{}, \markright{} and/or \markboth{}.
% We'll leave this as an open future suggestion.
%\newcommand{\journal}[1]{\def\@journal{#1}}
%\def\@journal{}
% pointsize values
% used with ifx to determine the document's normal size
\def\@IEEEptsizenine{9}
\def\@IEEEptsizeten{10}
\def\@IEEEptsizeeleven{11}
\def\@IEEEptsizetwelve{12}
% FONT DEFINITIONS (No sizexx.clo file needed)
% V1.6 revised font sizes, displayskip values and
% revised normalsize baselineskip to reduce underfull vbox problems
% on the 58pc = 696pt = 9.5in text height we want
% normalsize #lines/column baselineskip (aka leading)
% 9pt 63 11.0476pt (truncated down)
% 10pt 58 12pt (exact)
% 11pt 52 13.3846pt (truncated down)
% 12pt 50 13.92pt (exact)
%
% we need to store the nominal baselineskip for the given font size
% in case baselinestretch ever changes.
% this is a dimen, so it will not hold stretch or shrink
\newdimen\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip
\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\baselineskip
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizenine
\typeout{-- This is a 9 point document.}
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{9}{11.0476pt}}%
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{11.0476pt}%
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus3pt minus1pt%
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip%
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus3pt%
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus3pt minus1pt
\def\small{\@setfontsize{\small}{8.5}{10pt}}
\def\footnotesize{\@setfontsize{\footnotesize}{8}{9pt}}
\def\scriptsize{\@setfontsize{\scriptsize}{7}{8pt}}
\def\tiny{\@setfontsize{\tiny}{5}{6pt}}
% sublargesize is the same as large - 10pt
\def\sublargesize{\@setfontsize{\sublargesize}{10}{12pt}}
\def\large{\@setfontsize{\large}{10}{12pt}}
\def\Large{\@setfontsize{\Large}{12}{14pt}}
\def\LARGE{\@setfontsize{\LARGE}{14}{17pt}}
\def\huge{\@setfontsize{\huge}{17}{20pt}}
\def\Huge{\@setfontsize{\Huge}{20}{24pt}}
\fi
% Check if we have selected 10 points
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeten
\typeout{-- This is a 10 point document.}
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{10}{12.00pt}}%
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{12pt}%
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus4pt minus2pt%
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip%
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus4pt%
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus4pt minus2pt
\def\small{\@setfontsize{\small}{9}{10pt}}
\def\footnotesize{\@setfontsize{\footnotesize}{8}{9pt}}
\def\scriptsize{\@setfontsize{\scriptsize}{7}{8pt}}
\def\tiny{\@setfontsize{\tiny}{5}{6pt}}
% sublargesize is a tad smaller than large - 11pt
\def\sublargesize{\@setfontsize{\sublargesize}{11}{13.4pt}}
\def\large{\@setfontsize{\large}{12}{14pt}}
\def\Large{\@setfontsize{\Large}{14}{17pt}}
\def\LARGE{\@setfontsize{\LARGE}{17}{20pt}}
\def\huge{\@setfontsize{\huge}{20}{24pt}}
\def\Huge{\@setfontsize{\Huge}{24}{28pt}}
\fi
% Check if we have selected 11 points
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeeleven
\typeout{-- This is an 11 point document.}
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{11}{13.3846pt}}%
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{13.3846pt}%
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus5pt minus3pt%
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip%
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus5pt%
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus5pt minus3pt
\def\small{\@setfontsize{\small}{10}{12pt}}
\def\footnotesize{\@setfontsize{\footnotesize}{9}{10.5pt}}
\def\scriptsize{\@setfontsize{\scriptsize}{8}{9pt}}
\def\tiny{\@setfontsize{\tiny}{6}{7pt}}
% sublargesize is the same as large - 12pt
\def\sublargesize{\@setfontsize{\sublargesize}{12}{14pt}}
\def\large{\@setfontsize{\large}{12}{14pt}}
\def\Large{\@setfontsize{\Large}{14}{17pt}}
\def\LARGE{\@setfontsize{\LARGE}{17}{20pt}}
\def\huge{\@setfontsize{\huge}{20}{24pt}}
\def\Huge{\@setfontsize{\Huge}{24}{28pt}}
\fi
% Check if we have selected 12 points
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizetwelve
\typeout{-- This is a 12 point document.}
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{12}{13.92pt}}%
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{13.92pt}%
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus6pt minus4pt%
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip%
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus6pt%
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus6pt minus4pt
\def\small{\@setfontsize{\small}{10}{12pt}}
\def\footnotesize{\@setfontsize{\footnotesize}{9}{10.5pt}}
\def\scriptsize{\@setfontsize{\scriptsize}{8}{9pt}}
\def\tiny{\@setfontsize{\tiny}{6}{7pt}}
% sublargesize is the same as large - 14pt
\def\sublargesize{\@setfontsize{\sublargesize}{14}{17pt}}
\def\large{\@setfontsize{\large}{14}{17pt}}
\def\Large{\@setfontsize{\Large}{17}{20pt}}
\def\LARGE{\@setfontsize{\LARGE}{20}{24pt}}
\def\huge{\@setfontsize{\huge}{22}{26pt}}
\def\Huge{\@setfontsize{\Huge}{24}{28pt}}
\fi
% V1.6 The Computer Modern Fonts will issue a substitution warning for
% 24pt titles (24.88pt is used instead) increase the substitution
% tolerance to turn off this warning
\def\fontsubfuzz{.9pt}
% However, the default (and correct) Times font will scale exactly as needed.
% warn the user in case they forget to use the 9pt option with
% technote
\ifCLASSOPTIONtechnote%
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizenine\else%
\typeout{** ATTENTION: Technotes are normally 9pt documents.}%
\fi%
\fi
% V1.7
% Improved \textunderscore to provide a much better fake _ when used with
% OT1 encoding. Under OT1, detect use of pcr or cmtt \ttfamily and use
% available true _ glyph for those two typewriter fonts.
\def\@IEEEstringptm{ptm} % Times Roman family
\def\@IEEEstringppl{ppl} % Palatino Roman family
\def\@IEEEstringphv{phv} % Helvetica Sans Serif family
\def\@IEEEstringpcr{pcr} % Courier typewriter family
\def\@IEEEstringcmtt{cmtt} % Computer Modern typewriter family
\DeclareTextCommandDefault{\textunderscore}{\leavevmode
\ifx\f@family\@IEEEstringpcr\string_\else
\ifx\f@family\@IEEEstringcmtt\string_\else
\ifx\f@family\@IEEEstringptm\kern 0em\vbox{\hrule\@width 0.5em\@height 0.5pt\kern -0.3ex}\else
\ifx\f@family\@IEEEstringppl\kern 0em\vbox{\hrule\@width 0.5em\@height 0.5pt\kern -0.3ex}\else
\ifx\f@family\@IEEEstringphv\kern -0.03em\vbox{\hrule\@width 0.62em\@height 0.52pt\kern -0.33ex}\kern -0.03em\else
\kern 0.09em\vbox{\hrule\@width 0.6em\@height 0.44pt\kern -0.63pt\kern -0.42ex}\kern 0.09em\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\relax}
% set the default \baselinestretch
\def\baselinestretch{1}
\ifCLASSOPTIONdraftcls
\def\baselinestretch{1.5}% default baselinestretch for draft modes
\fi
% process CLASSINPUT baselinestretch
\ifx\CLASSINPUTbaselinestretch\@IEEEundefined
\else
\edef\baselinestretch{\CLASSINPUTbaselinestretch} % user CLASSINPUT override
\typeout{** ATTENTION: Overriding \string\baselinestretch\space to
\baselinestretch\space via \string\CLASSINPUT.}
\fi
\normalsize % make \baselinestretch take affect
% store the normalsize baselineskip
\newdimen\CLASSINFOnormalsizebaselineskip
\CLASSINFOnormalsizebaselineskip=\baselineskip\relax
% and the normalsize unity (baselinestretch=1) baselineskip
% we could save a register by giving the user access to
% \@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip. However, let's protect
% its read only internal status
\newdimen\CLASSINFOnormalsizeunitybaselineskip
\CLASSINFOnormalsizeunitybaselineskip=\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\relax
% store the nominal value of jot
\newdimen\IEEEnormaljot
\IEEEnormaljot=0.25\baselineskip\relax
% set \jot
\jot=\IEEEnormaljot\relax
% V1.6, we are now going to fine tune the interword spacing
% The default interword glue for Times under TeX appears to use a
% nominal interword spacing of 25% (relative to the font size, i.e., 1em)
% a maximum of 40% and a minimum of 19%.
% For example, 10pt text uses an interword glue of:
%
% 2.5pt plus 1.49998pt minus 0.59998pt
%
% However, IEEE allows for a more generous range which reduces the need
% for hyphenation, especially for two column text. Furthermore, IEEE
% tends to use a little bit more nominal space between the words.
% IEEE's interword spacing percentages appear to be:
% 35% nominal
% 23% minimum
% 50% maximum
% (They may even be using a tad more for the largest fonts such as 24pt.)
%
% for bold text, IEEE increases the spacing a little more:
% 37.5% nominal
% 23% minimum
% 55% maximum
% here are the interword spacing ratios we'll use
% for medium (normal weight)
\def\@IEEEinterspaceratioM{0.35}
\def\@IEEEinterspaceMINratioM{0.23}
\def\@IEEEinterspaceMAXratioM{0.50}
% for bold
\def\@IEEEinterspaceratioB{0.375}
\def\@IEEEinterspaceMINratioB{0.23}
\def\@IEEEinterspaceMAXratioB{0.55}
% command to revise the interword spacing for the current font under TeX:
% \fontdimen2 = nominal interword space
% \fontdimen3 = interword stretch
% \fontdimen4 = interword shrink
% since all changes to the \fontdimen are global, we can enclose these commands
% in braces to confine any font attribute or length changes
\def\@@@IEEEsetfontdimens#1#2#3{{%
\setlength{\@IEEEtrantmpdimenB}{\f@size pt}% grab the font size in pt, could use 1em instead.
\setlength{\@IEEEtrantmpdimenA}{#1\@IEEEtrantmpdimenB}%
\fontdimen2\font=\@IEEEtrantmpdimenA\relax
\addtolength{\@IEEEtrantmpdimenA}{-#2\@IEEEtrantmpdimenB}%
\fontdimen3\font=-\@IEEEtrantmpdimenA\relax
\setlength{\@IEEEtrantmpdimenA}{#1\@IEEEtrantmpdimenB}%
\addtolength{\@IEEEtrantmpdimenA}{-#3\@IEEEtrantmpdimenB}%
\fontdimen4\font=\@IEEEtrantmpdimenA\relax}}
% revise the interword spacing for each font weight
\def\@@IEEEsetfontdimens{{%
\mdseries
\@@@IEEEsetfontdimens{\@IEEEinterspaceratioM}{\@IEEEinterspaceMAXratioM}{\@IEEEinterspaceMINratioM}%
\bfseries
\@@@IEEEsetfontdimens{\@IEEEinterspaceratioB}{\@IEEEinterspaceMAXratioB}{\@IEEEinterspaceMINratioB}%
}}
% revise the interword spacing for each font shape
% \slshape is not often used for IEEE work and is not altered here. The \scshape caps are
% already a tad too large in the free LaTeX fonts (as compared to what IEEE uses) so we
% won't alter these either.
\def\@IEEEsetfontdimens{{%
\normalfont
\@@IEEEsetfontdimens
\normalfont\itshape
\@@IEEEsetfontdimens
}}
% command to revise the interword spacing for each font size (and shape
% and weight). Only the \rmfamily is done here as \ttfamily uses a
% fixed spacing and \sffamily is not used as the main text of IEEE papers.
\def\@IEEEtunefonts{{\selectfont\rmfamily
\tiny\@IEEEsetfontdimens
\scriptsize\@IEEEsetfontdimens
\footnotesize\@IEEEsetfontdimens
\small\@IEEEsetfontdimens
\normalsize\@IEEEsetfontdimens
\sublargesize\@IEEEsetfontdimens
\large\@IEEEsetfontdimens
\LARGE\@IEEEsetfontdimens
\huge\@IEEEsetfontdimens
\Huge\@IEEEsetfontdimens}}
% if the nofonttune class option is not given, revise the interword spacing
% now - in case IEEEtran makes any default length measurements, and make
% sure all the default fonts are loaded
\ifCLASSOPTIONnofonttune\else
\@IEEEtunefonts
\fi
% and again at the start of the document in case the user loaded different fonts
\AtBeginDocument{\ifCLASSOPTIONnofonttune\else\@IEEEtunefonts\fi}
% V1.6
% LaTeX is a little to quick to use hyphenations
% So, we increase the penalty for their use and raise
% the badness level that triggers an underfull hbox
% warning. The author may still have to tweak things,
% but the appearance will be much better "right out
% of the box" than that under V1.5 and prior.
% TeX default is 50
\hyphenpenalty=750
% If we didn't adjust the interword spacing, 2200 might be better.
% The TeX default is 1000
\hbadness=1350
% IEEE does not use extra spacing after punctuation
\frenchspacing
% V1.7 increase this a tad to discourage equation breaks
\binoppenalty=1000 % default 700
\relpenalty=800 % default 500
% margin note stuff
\marginparsep 10pt
\marginparwidth 20pt
\marginparpush 25pt
% if things get too close, go ahead and let them touch
\lineskip 0pt
\normallineskip 0pt
\lineskiplimit 0pt
\normallineskiplimit 0pt
% The distance from the lower edge of the text body to the
% footline
\footskip 0.4in
% normally zero, should be relative to font height.
% put in a little rubber to help stop some bad breaks (underfull vboxes)
\parskip 0ex plus 0.2ex minus 0.1ex
\parindent 1.0em
\topmargin -49.0pt
\headheight 12pt
\headsep 0.25in
% use the normal font baselineskip
% so that \topskip is unaffected by changes in \baselinestretch
\topskip=\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip
\textheight 58pc % 9.63in, 696pt
% Tweak textheight to a perfect integer number of lines/page.
% The normal baselineskip for each document point size is used
% to determine these values.
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizenine\textheight=63\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\fi % 63 lines/page
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeten\textheight=58\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\fi % 58 lines/page
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeeleven\textheight=52\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\fi % 52 lines/page
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizetwelve\textheight=50\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\fi % 50 lines/page
\columnsep 1pc
\textwidth 43pc % 2 x 21pc + 1pc = 43pc
% the default side margins are equal
\if@IEEEusingAfourpaper
\oddsidemargin 19.05mm
\evensidemargin 19.05mm
\else
\oddsidemargin 0.680in
\evensidemargin 0.680in
\fi
% compensate for LaTeX's 1in offset
\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-1in}
\addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-1in}
% adjust margins for conference mode
\ifCLASSOPTIONconference
\topmargin -0.25in
% we retain the reserved, but unused space for headers
\addtolength{\topmargin}{-\headheight}
\addtolength{\topmargin}{-\headsep}
\textheight 9.25in % The standard for conferences (668.4975pt)
% Tweak textheight to a perfect integer number of lines/page.
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizenine\textheight=61\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\fi % 61 lines/page
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeten\textheight=56\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\fi % 56 lines/page
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeeleven\textheight=50\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\fi % 50 lines/page
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizetwelve\textheight=48\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\fi % 48 lines/page
\fi
% compsoc conference
\ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc
\ifCLASSOPTIONconference
% compsoc conference use a larger value for columnsep
\columnsep 0.25in
% compsoc conferences want 1in top margin, 1.125in bottom margin
\topmargin 0in
%\addtolength{\topmargin}{-6pt}% we tweak this a tad to better comply with top of line stuff
% we retain the reserved, but unused space for headers
\addtolength{\topmargin}{-\headheight}
\addtolength{\topmargin}{-\headsep}
\textheight 9.0in % (641.39625pt)
% Tweak textheight to a perfect integer number of lines/page.
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizenine\textheight=58\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\fi % 58 lines/page
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeten\textheight=54\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\fi % 54 lines/page
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeeleven\textheight=48\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\fi % 48 lines/page
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizetwelve\textheight=46\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\fi % 46 lines/page
\textwidth 7in
%adjust text h/w for A4 paper
\if@IEEEusingAfourpaper
\textheight 9.69in
\textwidth 6.77in
\fi
% the default side margins are equal
\if@IEEEusingAfourpaper
\oddsidemargin 19.05mm
\evensidemargin 19.05mm
\else
\oddsidemargin 0.75in
\evensidemargin 0.75in
\fi
% compensate for LaTeX's 1in offset
\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-1in}
\addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-1in}
\fi\fi
% draft mode settings override that of all other modes
% provides a nice 1in margin all around the paper and extra
% space between the lines for editor's comments
\ifCLASSOPTIONdraftcls
% want 1in from top of paper to text
\setlength{\topmargin}{-\headsep}%
\addtolength{\topmargin}{-\headheight}%
% we want 1in side margins regardless of paper type
\oddsidemargin 0in
\evensidemargin 0in
% set the text width
\setlength{\textwidth}{\paperwidth}%
\addtolength{\textwidth}{-2.0in}%
\setlength{\textheight}{\paperheight}%
\addtolength{\textheight}{-2.0in}%
% digitize textheight to be an integer number of lines.
% this may cause the bottom margin to be off a tad
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1\topskip}%
\divide\textheight by \baselineskip%
\multiply\textheight by \baselineskip%
\addtolength{\textheight}{\topskip}%
\fi
% process CLASSINPUT inner/outer margin
% if inner margin defined, but outer margin not, set outer to inner.
\ifx\CLASSINPUTinnersidemargin\@IEEEundefined
\else
\ifx\CLASSINPUToutersidemargin\@IEEEundefined
\edef\CLASSINPUToutersidemargin{\CLASSINPUTinnersidemargin}
\fi
\fi
\ifx\CLASSINPUToutersidemargin\@IEEEundefined
\else
% if outer margin defined, but inner margin not, set inner to outer.
\ifx\CLASSINPUTinnersidemargin\@IEEEundefined
\edef\CLASSINPUTinnersidemargin{\CLASSINPUToutersidemargin}
\fi
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{\CLASSINPUTinnersidemargin}
\ifCLASSOPTIONtwoside
\setlength{\evensidemargin}{\CLASSINPUToutersidemargin}
\else
\setlength{\evensidemargin}{\CLASSINPUTinnersidemargin}
\fi
\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-1in}
\addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-1in}
\setlength{\textwidth}{\paperwidth}
\addtolength{\textwidth}{-\CLASSINPUTinnersidemargin}
\addtolength{\textwidth}{-\CLASSINPUToutersidemargin}
\typeout{** ATTENTION: Overriding inner side margin to \CLASSINPUTinnersidemargin\space and
outer side margin to \CLASSINPUToutersidemargin\space via \string\CLASSINPUT.}
\fi
% process CLASSINPUT top/bottom text margin
% if toptext margin defined, but bottomtext margin not, set bottomtext to toptext margin
\ifx\CLASSINPUTtoptextmargin\@IEEEundefined
\else
\ifx\CLASSINPUTbottomtextmargin\@IEEEundefined
\edef\CLASSINPUTbottomtextmargin{\CLASSINPUTtoptextmargin}
\fi
\fi
\ifx\CLASSINPUTbottomtextmargin\@IEEEundefined
\else
% if bottomtext margin defined, but toptext margin not, set toptext to bottomtext margin
\ifx\CLASSINPUTtoptextmargin\@IEEEundefined
\edef\CLASSINPUTtoptextmargin{\CLASSINPUTbottomtextmargin}
\fi
\setlength{\topmargin}{\CLASSINPUTtoptextmargin}
\addtolength{\topmargin}{-1in}
\addtolength{\topmargin}{-\headheight}
\addtolength{\topmargin}{-\headsep}
\setlength{\textheight}{\paperheight}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-\CLASSINPUTtoptextmargin}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-\CLASSINPUTbottomtextmargin}
% in the default format we use the normal baselineskip as topskip
% we only need 0.7 of this to clear typical top text and we need
% an extra 0.3 spacing at the bottom for descenders. This will
% correct for both.
\addtolength{\topmargin}{-0.3\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}
\typeout{** ATTENTION: Overriding top text margin to \CLASSINPUTtoptextmargin\space and
bottom text margin to \CLASSINPUTbottomtextmargin\space via \string\CLASSINPUT.}
\fi
% LIST SPACING CONTROLS
% Controls the amount of EXTRA spacing
% above and below \trivlist
% Both \list and IED lists override this.
% However, \trivlist will use this as will most
% things built from \trivlist like the \center
% environment.
\topsep 0.5\baselineskip
% Controls the additional spacing around lists preceded
% or followed by blank lines. IEEE does not increase
% spacing before or after paragraphs so it is set to zero.
% \z@ is the same as zero, but faster.
\partopsep \z@
% Controls the spacing between paragraphs in lists.
% IEEE does not increase spacing before or after paragraphs
% so this is also zero.
% With IEEEtran.cls, global changes to
% this value DO affect lists (but not IED lists).
\parsep \z@
% Controls the extra spacing between list items.
% IEEE does not put extra spacing between items.
% With IEEEtran.cls, global changes to this value DO affect
% lists (but not IED lists).
\itemsep \z@
% \itemindent is the amount to indent the FIRST line of a list
% item. It is auto set to zero within the \list environment. To alter
% it, you have to do so when you call the \list.
% However, IEEE uses this for the theorem environment
% There is an alternative value for this near \leftmargini below
\itemindent -1em
% \leftmargin, the spacing from the left margin of the main text to
% the left of the main body of a list item is set by \list.
% Hence this statement does nothing for lists.
% But, quote and verse do use it for indention.
\leftmargin 2em