Metatheory.v

(* This file is distributed under the terms of the MIT License, also
   known as the X11 Licence.  A copy of this license is in the README
   file that accompanied the original distribution of this file.

   Based on code written by:
     Brian Aydemir
     Arthur Charg\'eraud *)

Require Export Coq.Arith.Arith.
Require Export Coq.FSets.FSets.
Require Export Coq.Lists.List.

Require Export Metalib.AssocList.
Require Export Metalib.CoqListFacts.
Require Export Metalib.LibTactics.
Require Export Metalib.MetatheoryAtom.


(* ********************************************************************** *)
(** * Notations for finite sets of atoms *)

(** Common set operations and constants may be written using more
    convenient notations. *)

Declare Scope set_scope.

Notation "E [=] F" :=
  (AtomSetImpl.Equal E F)
  (at level 70, no associativity)
  : set_scope.

Notation "E [<=] F" :=
  (AtomSetImpl.Subset E F)
  (at level 70, no associativity)
  : set_scope.

Notation "{}" :=
  (AtomSetImpl.empty)
  : set_scope.

Notation "{{  x  }}" :=
  (AtomSetImpl.singleton x)
  : set_scope.

Declare Scope set_hs_scope.

Notation "x `in` E" :=
  (AtomSetImpl.In x E)
  (at level 70)
  : set_hs_scope.

Notation "x `notin` E" :=
  (~ AtomSetImpl.In x E)
  (at level 70)
  : set_hs_scope.

Notation "E `union` F" :=
  (AtomSetImpl.union E F)
  (at level 65, right associativity, format "E  `union`  '/' F")
  : set_hs_scope.

(** We define some abbreviations for the empty set, singleton
    sets, and the union of two sets. *)

Notation add := AtomSetImpl.add.
Notation empty := AtomSetImpl.empty.
Notation remove := AtomSetImpl.remove.
Notation singleton := AtomSetImpl.singleton.
Notation union := AtomSetImpl.union.

(** Open the notation scopes declared above. *)

Open Scope set_scope.
Open Scope set_hs_scope.


(* ********************************************************************** *)
(** * Environments *)

(** We can use our implementation of association lists (in AssocList)
    to implement association lists whose keys are atoms.  Thanks to
    parameter inlining, the types in the instantiated functor will all
    use [atom] for the type for keys. *)

Module Export EnvImpl := AssocList.Make Atom AtomSetImpl.

(** We provide alternative names for the tactics on association lists
    to reflect our use of association lists for environments. *)

Ltac simpl_env :=
  simpl_alist.

Tactic Notation "simpl_env" "in" hyp(H) :=
  simpl_alist in H.

Tactic Notation "simpl_env" "in" "*" :=
  simpl_alist in *.

Tactic Notation "rewrite_env" constr(E) :=
  rewrite_alist E.

Tactic Notation "rewrite_env" constr(E) "in" hyp(H) :=
  rewrite_alist E in H.

Tactic Notation "env" "induction" ident(E) :=
  alist induction E.

Tactic Notation "env" "induction" ident(E) "as" simple_intropattern(P) :=
  alist induction E as P.

(** As an alternative to the [x ~ a] notation, we also provide more
    list-like notation for writing association lists consisting of a
    single binding.

    Implementation note: The following notation overlaps with the
    standard recursive notation for lists, e.g., the one found in the
    Program library of Coq's standard library. *)

Declare Scope env_scope.

Notation "[ x ]" := (EnvImpl.one x) : env_scope.

Open Scope env_scope.


(* ********************************************************************** *)
(** * Cofinite quantification *)

(** Consider a rule [H] (equivalently, constructor, lemma, etc.) whose
    type begins with [forall L, ...] and contains hypotheses of the
    form [(forall y, y `notin` L -> ...)].

    The tactic [(pick fresh x excluding F and apply H)] applies [H] to
    the current goal, instantiating [H]'s first argument ([L]) with
    the finite set of atoms [F].  In each new subgoal of the form
    [(forall y, y `notin` F -> ...)], the atom [y] is introduced as
    [x], and [(y `notin` F)] is introduced using a generated name.

    If we view [H] as a rule that uses cofinite quantification, the
    tactic can be read as picking a sufficiently fresh atom to open a
    term with. *)

Tactic Notation
  "pick" "fresh" ident(atom_name)
  "excluding" constr(L)
  "and" "apply" constr(H)
  :=
    first [apply (@H L) | eapply (@H L)];
      match goal with
        | |- forall _, _ `notin` _ -> _ =>
          let Fr := fresh "Fr" in intros atom_name Fr
        | |- forall _, _ `notin` _ -> _ =>
          fail 1 "because" atom_name "is already defined"
        | _ =>
          idtac
      end.

(** The following variant of the tactic excludes the set of atoms
    returned by the [gather_atoms] tactic.  Redefine [gather_atoms] if
    you wish to modify the behavior of this tactic. *)

Tactic Notation
  "pick" "fresh" ident(atom_name)
  "and" "apply" constr(H)
  :=
    let L := gather_atoms in
    let L := beautify_fset L in
    pick fresh atom_name excluding L and apply H.


(* ********************************************************************** *)
(** * Lemma aliases *)

(** A number of useful lemmas are given standardized, if somewhat
    unintuitive, names.  Here, we define some intuitive aliases for
    them. *)

Notation uniq_one := uniq_one_1.
Notation uniq_cons := uniq_cons_3.
Notation uniq_app := uniq_app_4.
Notation uniq_map := uniq_map_2.

Notation binds_one := binds_one_3.
Notation binds_cons := binds_cons_3.
Notation binds_app_l := binds_app_2.
Notation binds_app_r := binds_app_3.
Notation binds_map := binds_map_2.

Notation notin_empty := notin_empty_1.
Notation notin_add := notin_add_3.
Notation notin_singleton := notin_singleton_2.
Notation notin_union := notin_union_3.


(* ********************************************************************** *)
(** * Hints *)

(** The next block of hints is to help [auto] discharge many of the
    inequality and freshness goals that arise in programming language
    metatheory proofs.

    Implementation note (BEA): The [eassumption] step is intended to
    address those cases where [eauto] tries to use a cofinite
    rule. The pattern goes something like this:

      - Apply a cofinite rule with no idea what "[L]" should be.
        This adds a hypothesis [x `notin` ?1] to the context.
      - Apply the IH.
      - [eassumption] resolves the [x `notin` L] obligation of
        the IH against the previously introduced [x `notin` ?1]
        hypothesis.

    This ensures that the [autorewrite] step does not trigger an
    infinite loop. *)

Ltac hint_extern_solve_notin :=
  try eassumption;
  autorewrite with rewr_dom in *;
  destruct_notin;
  repeat first [ apply notin_union_3
               | apply notin_add_3
               | apply notin_singleton_2
               | apply notin_empty_1
               ];
  try tauto.

#[global]
Hint Extern 1 (_ <> _ :> _) => hint_extern_solve_notin : core.

#[global]
Hint Extern 1 (_ `notin` _) => hint_extern_solve_notin : core.

(** The next block of hints are occasionally useful when reasoning
    about finite sets.  In some instances, they obviate the need to
    use [auto with set]. *)

#[global]
Hint Resolve
  AtomSetImpl.add_1 AtomSetImpl.add_2 AtomSetImpl.remove_1
  AtomSetImpl.remove_2 AtomSetImpl.singleton_2 AtomSetImpl.union_2
  AtomSetImpl.union_3 AtomSetImpl.inter_3 AtomSetImpl.diff_3 : core.

(* ********************************************************************** *)
(** * Decidable equality *)

(* SCW: this export must be at the end of the file so that eq_dec refers to
   the type class member, not KeySetFacts.eq_dec. *)
Require Export Metalib.CoqEqDec.

(** We prefer that "==" refer to decidable equality at [eq], as
    defined by the [EqDec_eq] class from the CoqEqDec library. *)

Notation " x  == y " := (eq_dec x y) (at level 70) : coqeqdec_scope.

Open Scope coqeqdec_scope.

(* ********************************************************************** *)
(** * Ott compatibility *)

(** Implementation note (BEA): The following definitions make this
    library usable with the output of Ott's locally nameless backend.
    They may disappear or change as Ott changes. *)

Notation var := atom (only parsing).

Notation vars := atoms (only parsing).

Notation eq_var := eq_dec (only parsing).

Notation "x  ===  y" :=
  (x == y)
  (at level 70, only parsing)
  : coqeqdec_scope.

Declare Scope set_sl_scope.

Notation "x \in s" :=
  (x `in` s)
  (at level 70, only parsing)
  : set_sl_scope.

Notation "x \notin s" :=
  (x `notin` s)
  (at level 70, only parsing)
  : set_sl_scope.

Notation "s \u t" :=
  (s `union` t)
  (at level 65, right associativity, only parsing)
  : set_sl_scope.

Open Scope set_sl_scope.

Ltac gather_vars_with F := gather_atoms_with.

Ltac pick_fresh_gen L Y := pick fresh Y for L.

Tactic Notation "auto" "*" := auto.

Ltac apply_fresh_base H gather_vars atom_name :=
  let L := gather_vars in
  let L := beautify_fset L in
  pick fresh x excluding L and apply H.

(* SCW added this one for list support *)
Set Implicit Arguments.
Definition union_map (A:Set) (f:A -> vars) (l:list A) :=
 (List.fold_right (fun t acc => f t \u acc) {}) l.