rdf_parser.pl

/*  $Id$

    Part of SWI-Prolog

    Author:        Jan Wielemaker
    E-mail:        J.Wielemaker@cs.vu.nl
    WWW:           http://www.swi-prolog.org
    Copyright (C): 2002-2009, University of Amsterdam

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
    modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
    as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
    of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
    License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA

    As a special exception, if you link this library with other files,
    compiled with a Free Software compiler, to produce an executable, this
    library does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered
    by the GNU General Public License. This exception does not however
    invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by
    the GNU General Public License.
*/

:- module(rdf_parser,
	  [ xml_to_plrdf/3,		% +XMLTerm, -RDFTerm, +State
	    element_to_plrdf/3,		% +ContentList, -RDFTerm, +State
	    make_rdf_state/3,		% +Options, -State, -RestOptions
	    rdf_modify_state/3,		% +XMLAttrs, +State0, -State
	    rdf_name_space/1
	  ]).
:- use_module(rewrite).
:- use_module(library(sgml)).		% xml_name/1
:- use_module(library(lists)).
:- use_module(library(uri)).
:- use_module(library(record)).

:- op(500, fx, \?).			% Optional (attrs)

term_expansion(F, T) :- rew_term_expansion(F, T).
goal_expansion(F, T) :- rew_goal_expansion(F, T).

goal_expansion(attrs(Attrs, List), Goal) :-
	translate_attrs(List, Attrs, Goal).

translate_attrs(Var, Attrs, rewrite(Var, Attrs)) :-
	var(Var), !.
translate_attrs([], _, true) :- !.
translate_attrs([H], Attrs, Goal) :- !,
	(   var(H)
	->  Goal = rewrite(H, Attrs)
	;   H = \?Optional
	->  Goal = (   member(A, Attrs),
	               OptRewrite
		   ->  true
		   ;   true
		   ),
	    expand_goal(rewrite(\Optional, A), OptRewrite)
	;   Goal = (   member(A, Attrs),
	               Rewrite
		   ->  true
		   ),
	    expand_goal(rewrite(H, A), Rewrite)
	).
translate_attrs([H|T], Attrs0, (G0, G1)) :- !,
	(   var(H)
	->  G0 = rewrite(H, Attrs0),
	    Attrs1 = Attrs0
	;   H = \?Optional
	->  G0 = (   select(A, Attrs0, Attrs1),
	             OptRewrite
		 ->  true
		 ;   Attrs1 = Attrs0
		 ),
	    expand_goal(rewrite(\Optional, A), OptRewrite)
	;   G0 = (   select(A, Attrs0, Attrs1),
	             Rewrite
		 ),
	    expand_goal(rewrite(H, A), Rewrite)
	),
	translate_attrs(T, Attrs1, G1).
translate_attrs(Rule, Attrs, Goal) :-
	expand_goal(rewrite(Rule, Attrs), Goal).


:- multifile rdf_name_space/1.
:- dynamic   rdf_name_space/1.

%%	rdf_name_space(?URL) is nondet.
%
%	True if URL must be handled  as rdf: Determines special handling
%	of rdf:about, rdf:resource, etc.


rdf_name_space('http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#').
rdf_name_space('http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax').


:- record
	rdf_state(base_uri='',
		  lang='',
		  ignore_lang=false,
		  convert_typed_literal).


%%	xml_to_plrdf(+RDFElementOrObject, -RDFTerm, +State)
%
%	Translate an XML (using namespaces)  term   into  an Prolog term
%	representing the RDF data.  This  term   can  then  be  fed into
%	rdf_triples/[2,3] to create a list of   RDF triples. State is an
%	instance of an rdf_state record.

xml_to_plrdf(Element, RDF, State) :-
	(   is_list(Element)
	->  rewrite(\xml_content_objects(RDF, State), Element)
	;   rewrite(\xml_objects(RDF, State), Element)
	).

%%	element_to_plrdf(+DOM, -RDFTerm, +State)
%
%	Rewrite a single XML element.

element_to_plrdf(Element, RDF, State) :-
	rewrite(\nodeElementList(RDF, State), [Element]).

xml_objects(Objects, Options0) ::=
	E0,
	{ modify_state(E0, Options0, E, Options), !,
	  rewrite(\xml_objects(Objects, Options), E)
	}.
xml_objects(Objects, Options) ::=
	element((\rdf('RDF'), !),
		_,
		\nodeElementList(Objects, Options)),
	!.
xml_objects(Objects, Options) ::=
	element(_, _, \xml_content_objects(Objects, Options)).

xml_content_objects([], _) ::=
	[].
xml_content_objects([H|T], Options) ::=
	[ \xml_objects(H, Options)
	| \xml_content_objects(T, Options)
	].


nodeElementList([], _Options) ::=
	[], !.
nodeElementList(L, Options) ::=
	[ (\ws, !)
	| \nodeElementList(L, Options)
	].
nodeElementList([H|T], Options) ::=
	[ \nodeElementOrError(H, Options)
	| \nodeElementList(T, Options)
	].

nodeElementOrError(H, Options) ::=
	\nodeElement(H, Options), !.
nodeElementOrError(unparsed(Data), _Options) ::=
	Data.

nodeElement(description(Type, About, Properties), Options) ::=
	\description(Type, About, Properties, Options).


		 /*******************************
		 *	    DESCRIPTION		*
		 *******************************/

description(Type, About, Properties, Options0) ::=
	E0,
	{ modify_state(E0, Options0, E, Options), !,
	  rewrite(\description(Type, About, Properties, Options), E)
	}.
description(description, About, Properties, Options) ::=
	element(\rdf('Description'),
		\attrs([ \?idAboutAttr(About, Options)
		       | \propAttrs(PropAttrs, Options)
		       ]),
		\propertyElts(PropElts, Options)),
	{ !, append(PropAttrs, PropElts, Properties)
	}.
description(Type, About, Properties, Options) ::=
	element(\name_uri(Type, Options),
		\attrs([ \?idAboutAttr(About, Options)
		       | \propAttrs(PropAttrs, Options)
		       ]),
		\propertyElts(PropElts, Options)),
	{ append(PropAttrs, PropElts, Properties)
	}.

propAttrs([], _) ::=
	[], !.
propAttrs([H|T], Options) ::=
	[ \propAttr(H, Options)
	| \propAttrs(T, Options)
	].

propAttr(rdf:type = URI, Options) ::=
	\rdf_or_unqualified(type) = \value_uri(URI, Options), !.
propAttr(Name = Literal, Options) ::=
	Name = Value,
	{ mkliteral(Value, Literal, Options)
	}.

propertyElts([], _) ::=
	[], !.
propertyElts(Elts, Options) ::=
	[ (\ws, !)
	| \propertyElts(Elts, Options)
	].
propertyElts([H|T], Options) ::=
	[ \propertyElt(H, Options)
	| \propertyElts(T, Options)
	].

propertyElt(E, Options) ::=
	\propertyElt(Id, Name, Value, Options),
	{ mkprop(Name, Value, Prop),
	  (   var(Id)
	  ->  E = Prop
	  ;   E = id(Id, Prop)
	  )
	}.

mkprop(NS:Local, Value, rdf:Local = Value) :-
	rdf_name_space(NS), !.
mkprop(Name, Value, Name = Value).


propertyElt(Id, Name, Value, Options0) ::=
	E0,
	{ modify_state(E0, Options0, E, Options), !,
	  rewrite(\propertyElt(Id, Name, Value, Options), E)
	}.
propertyElt(Id, Name, Value, Options) ::=
	\literalPropertyElt(Id, Name, Value, Options), !.
propertyElt(_, Name, Literal, Options) ::=
	element(Name,
		\attrs([ \parseLiteral
		       ]),
		Content),
	{ !,
	  literal_value(Content, Literal, Options)
	}.
propertyElt(Id, Name, collection(Elements), Options) ::=
	element(Name,
		\attrs([ \parseCollection,
			 \?idAttr(Id, Options)
		       ]),
		\nodeElementList(Elements, Options)).
					% 5.14 emptyPropertyElt
propertyElt(Id, Name, Value, Options) ::=
	element(Name, A, \all_ws),
	{ !,
	  rewrite(\emptyPropertyElt(Id, Value, Options), A)
	}.

propertyElt(_, Name, description(description, Id, Properties), Options) ::=
	element(Name,
		\attrs([ \parseResource,
			 \?idAboutAttr(Id, Options)
		       ]),
		\propertyElts(Properties, Options)),
	!.
propertyElt(Id, Name, Literal, Options) ::=
	element(Name,
		\attrs([ \?idAttr(Id, Options)
		       ]),
		[ Value ]),
	{ atom(Value), !,
	  mkliteral(Value, Literal, Options)
	}.
propertyElt(Id, Name, Value, Options) ::=
	element(Name,
		\attrs([ \?idAttr(Id, Options)
		       ]),
		\an_rdf_object(Value, Options)), !.
propertyElt(Id, Name, unparsed(Value), Options) ::=
	element(Name,
		\attrs([ \?idAttr(Id, Options)
		       ]),
		Value).

literalPropertyElt(Id, Name, Literal, Options) ::=
	element(Name,
		\attrs([ \typeAttr(Type, Options),
			 \?idAttr(Id, Options)
		       ]),
		Content),
	{ typed_literal(Type, Content, Literal, Options)
	}.

emptyPropertyElt(Id, Literal, Options) ::=
	\attrs([ \?idAttr(Id, Options),
		 \?parseLiteral
	       | \noMoreAttrs
	       ]),
	{ !,
	  mkliteral('', Literal, Options)
	}.
emptyPropertyElt(Id,
		 description(description, About, Properties),
		 Options) ::=
	\attrs([ \?idAttr(Id, Options),
		 \?aboutResourceEmptyElt(About, Options),
		 \?parseResource
	       | \propAttrs(Properties, Options)
	       ]), !.

aboutResourceEmptyElt(about(URI), Options) ::=
	\resourceAttr(URI, Options), !.
aboutResourceEmptyElt(node(URI), _Options) ::=
	\nodeIDAttr(URI).

%%	literal_value(+In, -Value, +Options)
%
%	Create the literal value for rdf:parseType="Literal" attributes.
%	The content is the Prolog XML DOM tree for the literal.
%
%	@tbd	Note that the specs demand a canonical textual representation
%		of the XML data as a Unicode string.  For now the user can
%		achieve this using the convert_typed_literal hook.

literal_value(Value, literal(type(rdf:'XMLLiteral', Value)), _).

%%	mkliteral(+Atom, -Object, +Options)
%
%	Translate attribute value Atom into an RDF object using the
%	lang(Lang) option from Options.

mkliteral(Text, literal(Val), Options) :-
	atom(Text),
	(   rdf_state_lang(Options, Lang),
	    Lang \== ''
	->  Val = lang(Lang, Text)
	;   Val = Text
	).

%%	typed_literal(+Type, +Content, -Literal, +Options)
%
%	Handle a literal attribute with rdf:datatype=Type qualifier. NB:
%	possibly  it  is  faster  to  use  a  global  variable  for  the
%	conversion hook.

typed_literal(Type, Content, literal(Object), Options) :-
	rdf_state_convert_typed_literal(Options, Convert),
	nonvar(Convert), !,
	(   catch(call(Convert, Type, Content, Object), E, true)
	->  (   var(E)
	    ->	true
	    ;	Object = E
	    )
	;   Object = error(cannot_convert(Type, Content), _)
	).
typed_literal(Type, [], literal(type(Type, '')), _Options) :- !.
typed_literal(Type, [Text], literal(type(Type, Text)), _Options) :- !.
typed_literal(Type, Content, literal(type(Type, Content)), _Options).


idAboutAttr(id(Id), Options) ::=
	\idAttr(Id, Options), !.
idAboutAttr(about(About), Options) ::=
	\aboutAttr(About, Options), !.
idAboutAttr(node(About), _Options) ::=
	\nodeIDAttr(About), !.

%%	an_rdf_object(-Object, +OptionsURI)
%
%	Deals with an object, but there may be spaces around.  I'm still
%	not sure where to deal with these.  Best is to ask the XML parser
%	to get rid of them, So most likely this code will change if this
%	happens.

an_rdf_object(Object, Options) ::=
	[ \nodeElement(Object, Options)
	], !.
an_rdf_object(Object, Options) ::=
	[ (\ws, !)
	| \an_rdf_object(Object, Options)
	].
an_rdf_object(Object, Options) ::=
	[ \nodeElement(Object, Options),
	  \ws
	], !.

ws ::=
	A,
	{ atom(A),
	  atom_chars(A, Chars),
	  all_blank(Chars), !
	}.
ws ::=
	pi(_).

all_ws ::=
	[], !.
all_ws ::=
	[\ws | \all_ws].

all_blank([]).
all_blank([H|T]) :-
	char_type(H, space),		% SWI-Prolog specific
	all_blank(T).


		 /*******************************
		 *	   RDF ATTRIBUTES	*
		 *******************************/

idAttr(Id, Options) ::=
	\rdf_or_unqualified('ID') = \uniqueid(Id, Options).

aboutAttr(About, Options) ::=
	\rdf_or_unqualified(about) = \value_uri(About, Options).

nodeIDAttr(About) ::=
	\rdf_or_unqualified(nodeID) = About.

resourceAttr(URI, Options) ::=
	\rdf_or_unqualified(resource) = \value_uri(URI, Options).

typeAttr(Type, Options) ::=
	\rdf_or_unqualified(datatype) = \value_uri(Type, Options).

name_uri(URI, Options) ::=
	NS:Local,
	{   !, atom_concat(NS, Local, A),
	    rewrite(\value_uri(URI, Options), A)
	}.
name_uri(URI, Options) ::=
	\value_uri(URI, Options).

value_uri(URI, Options) ::=
	A,
	{   rdf_state_base_uri(Options, Base),
	    (	Base \== []
	    ->	iri_normalized(A, Base, URI)
	    ;	URI = A
	    )
	}.

uniqueid(Id, Options) ::=
	A,
	{   unique_xml_name(A, HashID),
	    make_globalid(HashID, Options, Id)
	}.

unique_xml_name(Name, HashID) :-
	atom_concat(#, Name, HashID),
	(   xml_name(Name)
	->  true
	;   print_message(warning, rdf(not_a_name(Name)))
	).

make_globalid(In, Options, Id) :-
	rdf_state_base_uri(Options, Base),
	iri_normalized(In, Base, Id).

parseLiteral    ::= \rdf_or_unqualified(parseType) = 'Literal'.
parseResource   ::= \rdf_or_unqualified(parseType) = 'Resource'.
parseCollection ::= \rdf_or_unqualified(parseType) = 'Collection'.


		 /*******************************
		 *	     PRIMITIVES		*
		 *******************************/

rdf(Tag) ::=
	NS:Tag,
	{ rdf_name_space(NS), !
	}.

rdf_or_unqualified(Tag) ::=
	Tag.
rdf_or_unqualified(Tag) ::=
	NS:Tag,
	{ rdf_name_space(NS), !
	}.


		 /*******************************
		 *	       BASICS		*
		 *******************************/

/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
This code is translated by the  goal_expansion/2   rule  at the start of
this file. We leave the original code for reference.

attrs(Bag) ::=
	L0,
	{ do_attrs(Bag, L0)
	}.

do_attrs([], _) :- !.
do_attrs([\?H|T], L0) :- !,		% optional
	(   select(X, L0, L),
	    rewrite(\H, X)
	->  true
	;   L = L0
	),
	do_attrs(T, L).
do_attrs([H|T], L0) :-
	select(X, L0, L),
	rewrite(H, X), !,
	do_attrs(T, L).
do_attrs(C, L) :-
	rewrite(C, L).
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

%	\noMoreAttrs
%
%	Check attribute-list is empty.  Reserved xml: attributes are
%	excluded from this test.

noMoreAttrs ::=
	[], !.
noMoreAttrs ::=
	[ xml:_=_
	| \noMoreAttrs
	].

%%	modify_state(+Element0, +Options0, -Element, -Options) is semidet.
%
%	If Element0 contains xml:base = Base, strip it from the
%	attributes list and update base_uri(_) in the Options
%
%	It Element0 contains xml:lang = Lang, strip it from the
%	attributes list and update lang(_) in the Options
%
%	Remove all xmlns=_, xmlns:_=_ and xml:_=_.  Only succeed
%	if something changed.

modify_state(element(Name, Attrs0, Content), Options0,
	     element(Name, Attrs,  Content), Options) :-
	modify_a_state(Attrs0, Options0, Attrs, Options),
	Attrs0 \== Attrs.

rdf_modify_state(Attributes, State0, State) :-
	modify_a_state(Attributes, State0, _, State).


modify_a_state([], Options, [], Options).
modify_a_state([Name=Value|T0], Options0, T, Options) :-
	modify_a(Name, Value, Options0, Options1), !,
	modify_a_state(T0, Options1, T, Options).
modify_a_state([H|T0], Options0, [H|T], Options) :-
	modify_a_state(T0, Options0, T, Options).


modify_a(xml:base, Base1, Options0, Options) :- !,
	rdf_state_base_uri(Options0, Base0),
	remove_fragment(Base1, Base2),
	iri_normalized(Base2, Base0, Base),
	set_base_uri_of_rdf_state(Base, Options0, Options).
modify_a(xml:lang, Lang, Options0, Options) :- !,
	rdf_state_ignore_lang(Options0, false), !,
	set_lang_of_rdf_state(Lang, Options0, Options).
modify_a(xmlns, _, Options, Options).
modify_a(xmlns:_, _, Options, Options).
modify_a(xml:_, _, Options, Options).


%%	remove_fragment(+URI, -WithoutFragment)
%
%	When handling xml:base, we must delete the possible fragment.

remove_fragment(URI, Plain) :-
	sub_atom(URI, B, _, _, #), !,
	sub_atom(URI, 0, B, _, Plain).
remove_fragment(URI, URI).


		 /*******************************
		 *     HELP PCE-EMACS A BIT	*
		 *******************************/

:- multifile
	emacs_prolog_colours:term_colours/2,
	emacs_prolog_colours:goal_classification/2.

expand(c(X), _, X) :- !.
expand(In,   Pattern, Colours) :-
	compound(In), !,
	In =.. [F|Args],
	expand_list(Args, PatternArgs, ColourArgs),
	Pattern =.. [F|PatternArgs],
	Colours = functor(F) - ColourArgs.
expand(X, X, classify).

expand_list([], [], []).
expand_list([H|T], [PH|PT], [CH|CT]) :-
	expand(H, PH, CH),
	expand_list(T, PT, CT).

:- discontiguous
	term_expansion/2.

term_expansion(term_colours(C),
	       emacs_prolog_colours:term_colours(Pattern, Colours)) :-
	expand(C, Pattern, Colours).

term_colours((c(head(+(1))) ::= c(match), {c(body)})).
term_colours((c(head(+(1))) ::= c(match))).

emacs_prolog_colours:goal_classification(\_, expanded).

:- dynamic
	prolog:meta_goal/2.
:- multifile
	prolog:meta_goal/2,
	prolog:called_by/2.

prolog:meta_goal(rewrite(A, _), [A]).
prolog:meta_goal(\A,		[A+1]).

prolog:called_by(attrs(Attrs, _Term), Called) :-
	findall(G+1, sub_term(\?G, Attrs), Called, Tail),
	findall(G+1, sub_term(\G, Attrs), Tail).