Benchmark for various C++ function implementations.
Currently include:
- stdex::function - A multi-signature function implementation by @jamboree.
- multifunction - Example from Boost.TypeErasure, another multi-signature function.
- std::function - Standard.
- boost::function - The one from Boost.
- func::function - From this blog.
- generic::delegate - Fast delegate in C++11, also see here.
fastdelegate::FastDelegate- By Don Clugston, see heressvu::FastFunc- Another Don Clugston's FastDelegate, as shown here and here.- cxx_function::function - By David Krauss
- fu2::function - By Denis Blank
- fixed_size_function - By Pavel Medvedev
- gnr::forwarder - here.
- embxx::util::StaticFunction - By Alex Robenko, see here - either on master or develop branch.
- Function - By Erik Rigtorp, see here
Compiled with g++ -O3 -std=c++17 -DNDEBUG (64-bit/g++6.3.0/Debian)
Provided by @user706 (Intel Core i7-6700K, with -O3 -std=c++17 -NDEBUG on gcc-8.1.0).
The size of each implementation is shown in the [size] section.
Keep in mind that bigger size does not necessarily mean that it's less space efficient, it may due to the decision on how much space is reserved for small object optimization.
Other sections show the timing of function invocation for each implementation when assigned different callable objects.
[size]
stdex::function<int(int)>: 24
std::function<int(int)>: 32
cxx_function::function<int(int)>: 32
multifunction<int(int)>: 32
boost::function<int(int)>: 32
func::function<int(int)>: 32
generic::delegate<int(int)>: 48
FastDelegate1: 24
ssvu::FastFunc<int(int)>: 40
fu2::function<int(int)>: 32
fixed_size_function<int(int)>: 128
gnr_forwarder: 64
embxx_util_StaticFunction: 64
Function_: 56
[function_pointer]
Perf< no_abstraction >: 0.1288982620 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< stdex::function<int(int)> >: 0.1802238570 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< std::function<int(int)> >: 0.2058876670 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< cxx_function::function<int(int)> >: 0.1803517340 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< multifunction<int(int)> >: 0.1802829260 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< boost::function<int(int)> >: 0.2058794960 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< func::function<int(int)> >: 0.1802563850 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< generic::delegate<int(int)> >: 0.2060581670 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< fu2::function<int(int)> >: 0.1802537290 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< fixed_size_function<int(int)> >: 0.1853615050 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< gnr_forwarder >: 0.1803345000 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< embxx_util_StaticFunction >: 0.1802848970 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< Function_ >: 0.1802979720 [s] {checksum: 0}
[compile_time_function_pointer]
Perf< no_abstraction >: 0.3934555440 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< stdex::function<int(int)> >: 1.5451997980 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< std::function<int(int)> >: 1.5459942540 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< cxx_function::function<int(int)> >: 1.5461171210 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< multifunction<int(int)> >: 1.5450458270 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< boost::function<int(int)> >: 1.5452900910 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< func::function<int(int)> >: 1.2891927270 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< generic::delegate<int(int)> >: 1.3323708480 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< fu2::function<int(int)> >: 1.5452935910 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< fixed_size_function<int(int)> >: 1.4699039690 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< gnr_forwarder >: 1.3481359820 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< embxx_util_StaticFunction >: 1.5468700840 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< Function_ >: 1.5467078300 [s] {checksum: 0}
[compile_time_delegate]
Perf< no_abstraction >: 0.6910022930 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< stdex::function<int(int)> >: 1.3061602740 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< std::function<int(int)> >: 1.5484581910 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< cxx_function::function<int(int)> >: 1.6332273820 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< multifunction<int(int)> >: 1.5920799810 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< boost::function<int(int)> >: 1.4077582930 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< func::function<int(int)> >: 1.3359535000 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< generic::delegate<int(int)> >: 1.6271561910 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< fu2::function<int(int)> >: 1.5549385590 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< fixed_size_function<int(int)> >: 1.9666569350 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< gnr_forwarder >: 1.6086427330 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< embxx_util_StaticFunction >: 1.5334078040 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< Function_ >: 1.6022175490 [s] {checksum: 0}
[heavy_functor]
Perf< stdex::function<int(int)> >: 1.2890043320 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< std::function<int(int)> >: 1.2936670380 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< cxx_function::function<int(int)> >: 1.3891772660 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< multifunction<int(int)> >: 1.3025428230 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< boost::function<int(int)> >: 1.2925984040 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< func::function<int(int)> >: 1.2891075260 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< generic::delegate<int(int)> >: 1.3324250970 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< fu2::function<int(int)> >: 1.2900123970 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< fixed_size_function<int(int)> >: 1.5319183420 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< gnr_forwarder >: 1.5473598640 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< embxx_util_StaticFunction >: 1.3502855220 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< Function_ >: 1.5471582460 [s] {checksum: 0}
[non_assignable]
Perf< stdex::function<int(int)> >: 1.5462126420 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< std::function<int(int)> >: 1.5755652510 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< cxx_function::function<int(int)> >: 1.6353873220 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< multifunction<int(int)> >: 1.6095705330 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< boost::function<int(int)> >: 1.4090110690 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< func::function<int(int)> >: 1.3380219750 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< generic::delegate<int(int)> >: 1.8247514010 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< fu2::function<int(int)> >: 1.6780532600 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< fixed_size_function<int(int)> >: 1.9525207950 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< gnr_forwarder >: 1.6540586500 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< embxx_util_StaticFunction >: 1.5273487910 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< Function_ >: 1.5972135040 [s] {checksum: 0}
[lambda_capture]
Perf< stdex::function<int(int)> >: 1.5460207890 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< std::function<int(int)> >: 1.5463801470 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< cxx_function::function<int(int)> >: 1.4500088330 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< multifunction<int(int)> >: 1.5489294890 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< boost::function<int(int)> >: 1.5449383350 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< func::function<int(int)> >: 1.2895905430 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< generic::delegate<int(int)> >: 1.6830352960 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< fu2::function<int(int)> >: 1.5461697310 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< fixed_size_function<int(int)> >: 1.6821093720 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< gnr_forwarder >: 1.4132016220 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< embxx_util_StaticFunction >: 1.3603302370 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< Function_ >: 1.3916453080 [s] {checksum: 0}
[lambda]
Perf< stdex::function<int(int)> >: 1.2889468560 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< std::function<int(int)> >: 1.5455471370 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< cxx_function::function<int(int)> >: 1.5464877670 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< multifunction<int(int)> >: 1.2895574060 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< boost::function<int(int)> >: 1.5452744220 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< func::function<int(int)> >: 1.2907299890 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< generic::delegate<int(int)> >: 1.5466072320 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< fu2::function<int(int)> >: 1.5454115640 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< fixed_size_function<int(int)> >: 1.4694047830 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< gnr_forwarder >: 1.3485369340 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< embxx_util_StaticFunction >: 1.5466635040 [s] {checksum: 0}
Perf< Function_ >: 1.5461067630 [s] {checksum: 0}
This shows the timing of each multi-method technique.
with< no_abstraction >: 0.1754783920 [s] {checksum: 3}
with< stdex::function<Sig...> >: 3.6054651620 [s] {checksum: 3}
with< multifunction<Sig...> >: 4.0471627540 [s] {checksum: 3}
with< cxx_function::function<Sig...> >: 3.6831113920 [s] {checksum: 3}
with< fu2::function<Sig...> >: 3.5997253920 [s] {checksum: 3}
with< virtual_base& >: 1.3165000820 [s] {checksum: 3}