Merge branch 'develop' of github.com:CarstenHansen/WW3 into fb_ounf3

manual/eqs/ICE4.tex

@@ -52,6 +52,20 @@ \subsubsection{~$S_{ice}$: Empirical/parametric damping by sea ice} \label{sec:I
 
 {\code IC4M7}: This is a formula for dissipation from \cite{art:Dob15}, developed for a mixture of pancake and frazil ice, using data collected in the Weddell Sea (Antarctica). The formula depends on wave frequency and ice thickness:
 \begin{equation}\label{eq:ice7}
-  {\alpha=0.2T^{-2.13}h} \:\:\: .
+  {\alpha=2k_i=0.2h^1f^{2.13}} \:\:\: .
 \end{equation}
 This method is described in \cite{rep:RPLA18}.
+
+{\code IC4M8}: Like {\code IC4M7}, this method is in the general form of 
+\begin{equation}\label{eq:ice8}
+  {k_i=C_{hf}h^mf^n} \:\:\: .
+\end{equation}
+The formula is taken from \cite{Meylan2018}, where it is described as a ``Model with Order 3 Power Law''. It is applied by \cite{Liu2020}, where it is referred to as the ``M2'' model. The model specifies $m=1$ and $n=3$, and $C_{hf}$ is a user-specified calibration coefficient. \cite{Liu2020} provide calibration to two field cases and \cite{rep:RYW2021} provides a calibration to a third field case, \cite{art:RMK2021}. The third calibration is set as the default for {\code IC4M8}, $C_{hf}=0.059$, but can be changed in using the namelist parameter (constant and uniform) {\code IC4CN}, or using the spatially and/or temporally variable parameter  ${C_{ice,2}}$ . Further details on the calibrations are available in the inline documentation in {\file w3sic4md.F90}.  This method is functionally the same as the ``{\code M2}'' model in {\code IC5} (i.e., {\code IC5} with {\code IC5VEMOD=3}) and is redundantly included here as {\code IC4M8} because it is in the same ``family'' as {\code IC4M7} and {\code IC4M9}, being in the form of Eq. (\ref{eq:ice8}). 
+
+For an example of setting the namelist parameter, see {\file /regtests/ww3\_tic1.1/input\_IC4\_M8}.
+
+{\code IC4M9}: This formula is taken from the ``monomial power fit'' given in section 2.2.3 of \cite{rep:RYW2021}. Like {\code IC4M7} and {\code IC4M8}, it is a specific case of the general form of Eq. (\ref{eq:ice8}). The specificity is the constraint that $m=n/2-1$. This constraint is derived by \cite{rep:RYW2021} by invoking the scaling from \cite{art:YRW2019}, which is based on Reynolds number with ice thickness as the relevant length scale. This is also given as equation 2 in \cite{art:YRW2022}. The default namelist settings are $C_{hf}=2.9$ and $n=4.5$, from calibration by \cite{rep:RYW2021} to  \cite{art:RMK2021}. Further details, including alternative calibrations such as \cite{art:Yu2022}, are available in the inline documentation in {\file w3sic4md.F90}. Constant values can be set using namelist parameters, where $C_{hf}$ and $n$ are {\code IC4CN(1)} and {\code IC4CN(2)}, respectively. Spatially and/or temporally versions of the same can be specified as ${C_{ice,2}}$ and ${C_{ice,3}}$, respectively.
+
+The namelist default $C_{hf}$ values in {\code IC4M8} and {\code IC4M9} are consistent with those of identical formulae implemented in \cite{man:SWAN4145A}.
+
+

manual/eqs/ICE5.tex

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ \subsubsection{~$S_{ice}$: Damping by sea ice (effective medium models)} \label{
 \begin{align}
 k_i^{EFS} &\propto \eta h_i^3 \sigma^{11},\label{eq:fspw}\\ k_i^{RP} &\propto \frac{\eta}{\rho_w g^2} \sigma^3,\label{eq:rppw}
 \end{align}
-whereas previous field measurements \citep[e.g.,][]{Meylan2018, Rogers2021} support a power law $k_i \propto \sigma^n$, with $n$ between 2 and 4. Eqs.~(\ref{eq:fspw}) and (\ref{eq:rppw}) indicate at certain regimes (i.e., $k_r \approx k_0$ and low $k_i$), $k_i$ of the EFS model is too sensitive to wave frequency and $k_i$ of the RP model shows no dependence on ice thickness.
+whereas previous field measurements \citep[e.g.,][]{Meylan2018, RMK21} support a power law $k_i \propto \sigma^n$, with $n$ between 2 and 4. Eqs.~(\ref{eq:fspw}) and (\ref{eq:rppw}) indicate at certain regimes (i.e., $k_r \approx k_0$ and low $k_i$), $k_i$ of the EFS model is too sensitive to wave frequency and $k_i$ of the RP model shows no dependence on ice thickness.
 
 The third model included in the {\code IC5} module is based on the ``Model with Order 3 Power Law'' proposed by \citet[][their section 6.2; hereafter the M2 model]{Meylan2018}, which assumes the loss of wave energy is proportional to the horizontal ice velocity squared times the ice thickness. The attenuation rate is given by
 \begin{equation}
@@ -52,4 +52,4 @@ \subsubsection{~$S_{ice}$: Damping by sea ice (effective medium models)} \label{
 %
 \cit{IC5VEMOD} {the sea ice model to be selected: 1 - {\code EFS}, 2 - {\code RP}, 3 - {\code M2}; Default=3 (i.e., \textbf{the {\code M2} model is chosen}).}
 \end{clist}
-The first 6 parameters were introduced to improve the stability of the numerical solver for the EFS model \citep[the solver may fail for small wave periods in some rare cases, particularly for shallow water depth $d$ and low $G$; see][]{Liu2020}. Nonetheless, since version 7.12, the M2 model becomes the default option and these limiters are therefore not used by default.
+The first 6 parameters were introduced to improve the stability of the numerical solver for the EFS model \citep[the solver may fail for small wave periods in some rare cases, particularly for shallow water depth $d$ and low $G$; see][]{Liu2020}. Nonetheless, since version 7.12, the M2 model becomes the default option and these limiters are therefore not used by default.

manual/eqs/ST3.tex

@@ -57,16 +57,15 @@ \subsubsection{~$S_{in} + S_{ds}$: \wam\ cycle 4 (ECWAM)} \label{sec:ST3}
 waves that travel faster than the wind. This accounts for some gustiness in
 the wind and should possibly be resolution-dependent. For reference, this
 parameter was not properly set in early versions of the SWAN model, as
-discovered by R. Lalbeharry.}.  The roughness $z_1$ is defined as,
-
+discovered by R. Lalbeharry.}.  If the friction velocity $u_\star$ is known, 
+it gives the roughness $z_1$ and the wind speed at altitude $z_u$ (by default $z_u=10$~m),  
 \begin{eqnarray}
-U_{10}&=&\frac{u_\star}{\kappa} \log\left(\frac{z_u}{z_1}\right) \\
-z_1&=&\alpha_0 \frac{\tau}{ \sqrt{1-\tau_w/\tau}},
+z_1&=&\alpha_0 \frac{\tau}{ \sqrt{1-\tau_w/u_\star^2}}, \\
+U(z_u)&=&\frac{u_\star}{\kappa} \log\left(\frac{z_u}{z_1}\right) 
 \end{eqnarray}
 
 \noindent
-where $\tau=u_\star^2$, and $z_u$ is the height at which the wind is
-specified. These two equations provide an implicit functional dependence of
+In practice these two equations provide an implicit functional dependence of
 $u_\star$ on $U_{10}$ and $\tau_w/\tau$. This relationship is then tabulated
 \citep{art:Jan91, rep:Bea07}.
 

manual/eqs/ST4.tex

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ \subsubsection{~$S_{\mathrm{in}} + S_{\mathrm{ds}}$: Saturation-based dissipatio
 This family of parameterizations uses a positive part of the wind input taken
 from WAM cycle 4 with an ad hoc reduction of $u_\star$, implemented in
 order to allow a balance with a saturation-based dissipation that uses different options for 
-a cumulative term. There are three main options for defining the saturation and the cumulative term. Chosing one or the other is done with the  {\F SDSBCHOICE} parameter, with  {\F SDSBCHOICE=1} for \cite{art:Aea10},  {\F SDSBCHOICE=2} for \cite{Filipot&Ardhuin2012}, and {\F SDSBCHOICE=3} for \cite{Romero2019}. That last options uses a saturation that is defined from the local spectral density, and thus gives zero dissipation for directions where the threshold is not reached, leading to much broader directional spectra. Also the stronger bimodality is achieved by having a strong modulation effect as a cumulative term. 
+a cumulative term. There are three main options for defining the saturation and the cumulative term. Chosing one or the other is done with the  {\F SDSBCHOICE} parameter, with  {\F SDSBCHOICE=1} for \cite{art:Aea10},  {\F SDSBCHOICE=2} for \cite{Filipot&Ardhuin2012}, and {\F SDSBCHOICE=3} for \cite{Romero2019} and later adjustments including \cite{art:AA23}. That last option uses a saturation that is defined from the local spectral density, and thus gives zero dissipation for directions where the threshold is not reached, leading to much broader directional spectra. Also the stronger bimodality is achieved by having a strong modulation effect as a cumulative term. 
 
 Many other adjustments can be made by changing the namelist parameters. A few successful combinations 
-are given by tables \ref{tab:ST4_parSIN} and \ref{tab:ST4_parSDS}, with results described by \citep{art:RA13,art:SAG16}. 
+are given by tables \ref{tab:ST4_parSIN} and \ref{tab:ST4_parSDS}, with results described by \citep{art:RA13,art:SAG16,art:AA23}. 
 Further calibration to any particular wind field should be done for best performance. Guidance for this is given by \cite{Stopa2018}. 
 %We also note that the particular 
 %set of parameters T400 corresponds to setting IPHYS=1 in the ECWAM code cycle 45R2, with a few differences 
@@ -216,27 +216,15 @@ \subsubsection{~$S_{\mathrm{in}} + S_{\mathrm{ds}}$: Saturation-based dissipatio
 direction will typically produce less dissipation than a sea state with all
 the energy radiated in the same direction.
 
-Based on recent analysis by \cite{Guimaraes2018} and \cite{Peureux&al.2019}, this saturation is enhanced by a factor $M_L$ that represents 
-the effect of long waves on short waves 
-\begin{equation}
-M_l(k,\theta)=1+M_\theta \sqrt{\mathrm{mss}(k,\theta)} + N_\theta \sqrt{\mathrm{nss}(k,\theta)} \label{defFACSAT}.
-\end{equation}
-where $M_\theta$ is twice the modulation transfer function for short wave steepness, with 
-$M_\theta=8$ when following the simplified theory by \cite{art:LHS60} and using the root mean square enhancement of $B$ over a 
-long wave cycle. $N_\theta$ is an additional straining factor due to the instability of the wave action envelope of short waves 
-propagating in the direction close to that of the long wave \citep{Peureux&al.2019}. The squared slopes $\mathrm{mss}(k,\theta)$ is 
-the mean square slope in direction $\theta$, wheras $\mathrm{nss}(k,\theta)$ is a slope of long waves propagating in a narrow window $\pm \delta_\theta$, 
-around the short wave direction $\theta$.
-
 We finally define our dissipation term as the sum of the saturation-based term
 and a cumulative breaking term $S_{\mathrm{bk,cu}}$,
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \cS_{ds}(k,\theta)& =&  \sigma
  \frac{C_{\mathrm{ds}}^{\mathrm{sat}}}{B^2_r} \left[ \delta_d
-\max\left\{ M_l(k,\theta) B\left(k\right) -
+\max\left\{  B\left(k\right) -
 B_r,0\right\}^2 \right.
 \nonumber \\
-  & & +  \left(1-\delta_d \right) \left. \max\left\{ M_L(k,\theta) B'\left(k,\theta \right)- B_r
+  & & +  \left(1-\delta_d \right) \left. \max\left\{B'\left(k,\theta \right)- B_r
  ,0\right\}^2\right]N(k,\theta)  \nonumber \\
  & & + \cS_{\mathrm{bk,cu}}(k,\theta) + \cS_{\mathrm{turb}}(k,\theta) \label{Sds_all}.
 \end{eqnarray}

manual/manual.bib

@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ @TECHREPORT{rep:CR17
   INSTITUTION = "{N}aval {R}esearch {L}aboratory, {S}tennis {S}pace {C}enter, {MS}",
   TYPE        = "NRL Memorandum Report",
   NUMBER      = "NRL/MR/7320--17-9726",
-  NOTE       = "25 pp., www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/pubs.php" }
+  NOTE       = "25 pp., www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/pubs" }
 
 % item art:CRT17
 
@@ -1764,7 +1764,7 @@ @INPROCEEDINGS{pro:RZ14
   TITLE        = "New wave-ice interaction physics in {WAVEWATCH III}",
   BOOKTITLE    = Ice14,
   PUBLISHER    = "IAHR",
-  NOTE        = "8 pp., www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/pubs.php" }
+  NOTE        = "8 pp., www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/pubs" }
 
 % item rep:RPLA18
 
@@ -1775,7 +1775,18 @@ @TECHREPORT{rep:RPLA18
   INSTITUTION = "{N}aval {R}esearch {L}aboratory, {S}tennis {S}pace {C}enter, {MS}",
   TYPE        = "NRL Memorandum Report",
   NUMBER      = "NRL/MR/7320--18-9786",
-  NOTE       = "179 pp., www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/pubs.php" }
+  NOTE       = "179 pp., www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/pubs" }
+
+% item rep:RYW2021
+
+@TECHREPORT{rep:RYW2021,
+  AUTHOR      = "W. E. Rogers and J. Yu and D. W. Wang",
+  YEAR        = "2021",
+  TITLE       = "Incorporating dependencies on ice thickness in empirical parameterizations of wave dissipation by sea ice",
+  INSTITUTION = "{N}aval {R}esearch {L}aboratory, {S}tennis {S}pace {C}enter, {MS}",
+  TYPE        = "NRL Technical Report",
+  NUMBER      = "NRL/OT/7320-21-5145",
+  NOTE       = "35 pp., https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.01246" }
 
 % item rep:RMK18
 
@@ -1786,7 +1797,7 @@ @TECHREPORT{rep:RMK18
   INSTITUTION = "{N}aval {R}esearch {L}aboratory, {S}tennis {S}pace {C}enter, {MS}",
   TYPE        = "NRL Memorandum Report",
   NUMBER      = "NRL/MR/7320--18-9801",
-  NOTE       = "25 pp., www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/pubs.php" }
+  NOTE       = "25 pp., www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/pubs" }
 
 % item art:RH09
 
@@ -1811,6 +1822,33 @@ @ARTICLE{art:RTS16
   doi = "doi:10.1002/2016JC012251"
   }
 
+% item art:YRW2019
+
+@ARTICLE{art:YRW2019,
+  AUTHOR = "J. Yu and W. E. Rogers and D. W. Wang",
+  YEAR   = 2019,
+  TITLE  = "A Scaling for Wave Dispersion Relationships in Ice-Covered Waters",
+  JOURNAL = JGR,
+  VOLUME = "124",
+  PAGES  = "8429--8438" ,
+  doi = "doi:10.1029/2018JC014870"
+  }
+
+% item art:Yu2022
+
+@Article{art:Yu2022,
+AUTHOR = {Yu, Jie},
+TITLE = {Wave Boundary Layer at the Ice-Water Interface},
+JOURNAL = {Journal of Marine Science and Engineering},
+VOLUME = {10},
+YEAR = {2022},
+NUMBER = {10},
+ARTICLE-NUMBER = {1472},
+URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/10/1472},
+ISSN = {2077-1312},
+DOI = {10.3390/jmse10101472}
+}
+
 % item art:CFSRR10
 
 @ARTICLE{art:CFSRR10,
@@ -2346,7 +2384,7 @@ @TECHREPORT{rep:RC09
   INSTITUTION = "{N}aval {R}esearch {L}aboratory, {S}tennis {S}pace {C}enter, {MS}",
   TYPE        = "NRL Memorandum Report",
   NUMBER      = "NRL/MR/7320--09-9193",
-  NOTE       = "42 pp., www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/pubs.php" }
+  NOTE       = "42 pp., www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/pubs" }
 
 % item rep:RO13
 
@@ -2357,7 +2395,7 @@ @TECHREPORT{rep:RO13
   INSTITUTION = "{N}aval {R}esearch {L}aboratory, {S}tennis {S}pace {C}enter, {MS}",
   TYPE        = "NRL Memorandum Report",
   NUMBER      = "NRL/MR/7320--13-9462",
-  NOTE       = "31 pp., www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/pubs.php" }
+  NOTE       = "31 pp., www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/pubs" }
 
 % item rep:Roland2008
 
@@ -2606,6 +2644,17 @@ @MANUAL{man:SWAN3
   ADDRESS     = "P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands",
   NOTE        = "see http://swan.ct.tudelft.nl" }
 
+% item man:SWAN4145A
+
+@MANUAL{man:SWAN4145A,
+  AUTHOR      = "{SWAN team}",
+  YEAR        = "2023",
+  TITLE       = "{SWAN Cycle III} version 41.45A User Manual",
+  ORGANIZATION = "Delft University of Technology,
+                  Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences",
+  ADDRESS     = "P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands",
+  NOTE        = "see https://swanmodel.sourceforge.io/" }
+
 % item man:Jones98
 
 @MANUAL{man:Jones98,
@@ -3485,10 +3534,14 @@ @article{Liu2021
 	title={{Global Wave Hindcasts Using the Observation-based Source Terms: Description and Validation}},
 	author={Liu, Qingxiang and Babanin, Alexander and Rogers, W Erick and Zieger, Stefan and Young, Ian and Bidlot, Jean-Raymond and Durrant, Tom and Ewans, Kevin and Guan, Changlong and Kirezci, Cagil and Lemos, Gil and MacHutchon, Keith and Moon, Il-Ju and Rapizo, Henrique and Ribal, Agustinus and Semedo, Alvaro and Wang, Juanjuan},
 	journal={Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES)},
-	year={submitted}
+	year = {2021},
+	volume = {13},
+	number = {8},
+	pages = {e2021MS002493},
+	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002493},
 }
 
-@article{Rogers2021,
+@article{art:RMK2021,
 	title = {Estimates of spectral wave attenuation in Antarctic sea ice, using model/data inversion},
 	journal = {Cold Regions Science and Technology},
 	volume = {182},
@@ -3499,6 +3552,18 @@ @article{Rogers2021
 	author = {W. Erick Rogers and Michael H. Meylan and Alison L. Kohout}
 }
 
+@article{art:YRW2022,
+	title = {A new method for parameterization of wave dissipation by sea ice},
+	journal = {Cold Regions Science and Technology},
+	volume = {199},
+	pages = {103582},
+	year = {2022},
+	issn = {0165-232X},
+	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2022.103582},
+	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165232X2200101X},
+	author = {Jie Yu and W. Erick Rogers and David W. Wang},
+}
+
 @article{Forristall1981,
 	author = {Forristall, George Z.},
 	doi = {10.1029/JC086iC09p08075},