better javadoc for ColumnIndexSupplier (#16663)

Updated javadoc for `ColumnIndexSupplier.as` to elaborate on the types of indexes callers might want to ask for from the method, as well as help implementors know what kinds of indexes they should implement to participate in filtering

processing/src/main/java/org/apache/druid/segment/column/ColumnIndexSupplier.java

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 package org.apache.druid.segment.column;
 
+import org.apache.druid.query.filter.ColumnIndexSelector;
+
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 
 /**
@@ -41,6 +43,37 @@ public interface ColumnIndexSupplier
    * which can greatly reduce the total number of rows which need to be scanned and processed.
    *
    * Objects returned by this method are not thread-safe.
+   *
+   * There are several built-in index classes which can be passed as an argument to this method when used from
+   * {@link org.apache.druid.query.filter.Filter#getBitmapColumnIndex(ColumnIndexSelector)}. Implementors of this
+   * interface should provide as many of them as possible to participate fully in as many
+   * {@link org.apache.druid.query.filter.Filter} as possible, as different filters require different index types,
+   * and may prefer some over others.
+   *
+   * Indexes for matching a row to a specific value:
+   * @see org.apache.druid.segment.index.semantic.NullValueIndex
+   * @see org.apache.druid.segment.index.semantic.ValueIndexes
+   *
+   * Indexes for matching a row to any of a set of values:
+   * @see org.apache.druid.segment.index.semantic.ValueSetIndexes
+   * @see org.apache.druid.segment.index.semantic.Utf8ValueSetIndexes
+   *
+   * Indexes for matching a row to a range of values:
+   * @see org.apache.druid.segment.index.semantic.LexicographicalRangeIndexes
+   * @see org.apache.druid.segment.index.semantic.NumericRangeIndexes
+   *
+   * Indexes for matching an array element of a row to a specific value:
+   * @see org.apache.druid.segment.index.semantic.ArrayElementIndexes
+   *
+   * Indexes for matching a row using a {@link org.apache.druid.query.filter.DruidPredicateFactory}:
+   * @see org.apache.druid.segment.index.semantic.DruidPredicateIndexes
+   *
+   * Speciality indexes:
+   * @see org.apache.druid.segment.index.semantic.SpatialIndex
+   *
+   * Low level access to implementation specific index stuff not particularly suitable for use in filtering:
+   * @see org.apache.druid.segment.index.semantic.DictionaryEncodedValueIndex
+   * @see org.apache.druid.segment.index.semantic.DictionaryEncodedStringValueIndex
    */
   @Nullable
   <T> T as(Class<T> clazz);