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duncandewhurst authored Dec 22, 2024
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8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions docs/examples/purchase_orders/contracts_pos.csv
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contracts/0/id,contracts/0/awardID,contracts/0/value/amount,contracts/0/title
LP-12006-23-231421,LP-12006-23-231421-426631,3150000000,Asuncion office cleaning services
LP-12006-23-23142-1,LP-12006-23-231421-426631,20500000,DGFT building cleaning
LP-12006-23-231421-2,LP-12006-23-231421-426631,20500000,DGGC building cleaning
LP-12006-23-231421-3,LP-12006-23-231421-426631,20000000,SET building cleaning
1,1,3150000000,Office cleaning services
1-1,1,20500000,DGFT building cleaning
1-2,1,20500000,DGGC building cleaning
1-3,1,20000000,SET building cleaning
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion docs/examples/purchase_orders/parent_contract.csv
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contracts/0/id,contracts/0/awardID,contracts/0/value/amount,contracts/0/title
LP-12006-23-231421,LP-12006-23-231421-426631,3150000000,Asuncion office cleaning services
1,1,3150000000,Office cleaning services
15 changes: 7 additions & 8 deletions docs/guidance/map/awards_contracts.md
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Expand Up @@ -152,32 +152,31 @@ A purchase order is a specific type of contract, an official document issued by

Purchase orders can be issued against an existing contract, or if no prior contract exists then acceptance of a purchase order by a supplier forms a contract between buyer and supplier.

Purchase orders can be made against contracts with indefinite quantities or maximum only values. In these cases the initial contract and resulting purchase orders ought to be modelled as [a closed framework agreement with no second-stage competition](https://standard.open-contracting.org/staging/1.2-dev/en/guidance/map/framework_agreements/).
Purchase orders can be made against contracts that specify only minimum and maximum limits on the quantity or value of the items being procured. Such contracts are known as indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity (IDIQ) contracts. IDIQ contracts are considered to be two-stage procurement techniques and ought to be modelled according to the [guidance for framework agreements](https://standard.open-contracting.org/staging/1.2-dev/en/guidance/map/framework_agreements/).

Purchase orders that are made against contracts with a definite quantity or value of items ought to not be disclosed in the `contracts` section of OCDS, due to the risk of double counting items on the purchase order and the contract it relates to.
Purchase orders made against contracts with definite quantities or values ought to not be disclosed in the `contracts` section of OCDS, due to the risk of double counting.

### Example: Double counting contracts and purchase orders

Paraguay's Dirección Nacional de Ingresos Tributarios awards a contract worth 3,150 million Gs to Carlos Ruben Oviedo Centurion for cleaning services in administrative buildings in Asunción. The contract is represented in the `contracts` section of OCDS as follows:
A buyer awards a contract worth 3,150m Gs for cleaning services across several office buildings. The contract is added to the `contracts` array.

```{csv-table-no-translate}
:header-rows: 1
:file: ../../examples/purchase_orders/parent_contract.csv
```

Calculating the sum of the contract value in the above example gives the correct result of Gs 3,150 million.

During the first month of the contract Dirección Nacional de Ingresos Tributarios issues 3 purchase orders for cleaning in 3 different buildings.
The buyer issues three purchase orders for cleaning in three different buildings.

If purchase orders were also disclosed in the `contracts` section of OCDS, the `contracts` section of OCDS would now be populated as follows:
If the purchase orders were added to the `contracts` array, it would lead to double counting. The total value of the contracts in the OCDS data would be greater than the value of the real-life contract.

```{csv-table-no-translate}
:header-rows: 1
:file: ../../examples/purchase_orders/contracts_pos.csv
```

Calculating the sum of the contract value in the above example gives an incorrect result of Gs 3,211 million.
The correct approach is to add only the 'parent' contract to the `contracts` array.

```{note}
The approach for modelling purchase orders in OCDS has not been standardized. Implementers are encouraged to describe their use of purchase orders in this ([GitHub issue](https://github.com/open-contracting/standard/issues/897)) to help develop a standardized approach.
The approach to modelling purchase orders in OCDS is not yet standardized. Implementers are encouraged to describe their use of purchase orders in the ([GitHub issue](https://github.com/open-contracting/standard/issues/897)) to help develop a standardized approach.
```

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